| 词条 | Monywa |
| 释义 |
|settlement_type = City |native_name = {{lang|my|မုံရွာမြို့}} |official_name = Monywa |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_map = Burma |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Burma |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |image_skyline = Monywa-aung-setkya-paya-d04.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = Monywa |image_map = |map_caption = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Myanmar}} |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Sagaing Region}} |subdivision_type2 = District |subdivision_name2 = Monywa District |subdivision_type3 = Township |subdivision_name3 = Monywa Township |unit_pref = Imperial |area_code = 71[1] |area_total_km2 = |population_total = 372,095 |population_urban = 207,489 |population_rural = 164,606 |population_as_of = 2014 Census |population_footnotes = [2] |population_blank1_title = Ethnicities |population_blank2 = Buddhism |population_blank2_title = Religions |population_density_km2 = auto |coordinates = {{coord|22|6|30|N|95|8|30|E|region:MM_type:city|display=inline,title}} |elevation_ft = |elevation_m = |timezone = MST |utc_offset = +6.30 |website = }} Monywa ({{MYname|MY=မုံရွာမြို့|MLCTS=muṃ rwa mrui.}}; {{IPA-my|mòʊɴjwà mjo̰|pron}}) is a City in Sagaing Region , Myanmar, located 136 km north-west of Mandalay on the eastern bank of the River Chindwin. It is also known as Neem city because most of the streets of the city are covered by very old Neem trees. It is one of the Unique Cities of the World. ClimateMonywa and neighbouring parts of the 'Dry Valley' are the only places in South East Asia where you find the Hot Semi-arid/steppe climate(BSh).[3] [4] The city barely misses the Tropical savanna/Wet and dry climate(Aw) classification due to the very high temperatures(high evaporation levels) and a long dry season. This has to do with the 'Dry valley' being located in the rain shadow of the Arakan Mountains. Temperatures are very high throughout the year, although the winter months (December–February) are significantly milder(around 21°C in January). The early monsoon months from April to July are especially hot, with average high temperatures reaching {{convert|38.4|°C|°F}} in April. Monywa received {{convert|139|mm|in}} of rainfall on 19 Oct 2011. This was a new record for rainfall within 24 hours in October in Monywa for the last 47 years. The previous record was {{convert|135|mm|in}} on 24 Oct 1967.[5] {{Weather box|location = Monywa (1981–2010) |metric first = Y |single line = Y | Jan record high C = 33.8 | Feb record high C = 39.3 | Mar record high C = 41.5 | Apr record high C = 44.0 | May record high C = 45.8 | Jun record high C = 43.5 | Jul record high C = 42.0 | Aug record high C = 41.0 | Sep record high C = 38.9 | Oct record high C = 38.8 | Nov record high C = 37.4 | Dec record high C = 32.6 |year record high C = 45.8 |Jan high C = 29.1 |Feb high C = 32.5 |Mar high C = 36.5 |Apr high C = 39.1 |May high C = 37.9 |Jun high C = 34.9 |Jul high C = 36.0 |Aug high C = 34.8 |Sep high C = 33.8 |Oct high C = 32.9 |Nov high C = 30.7 |Dec high C = 28.6 |year high C = 33.9 |Jan low C = 13.5 |Feb low C = 15.5 |Mar low C = 19.0 |Apr low C = 23.3 |May low C = 25.4 |Jun low C = 25.8 |Jul low C = 25.9 |Aug low C = 25.5 |Sep low C = 24.7 |Oct low C = 23.4 |Nov low C = 19.3 |Dec low C = 15.0 |year low C = 21.4 | Jan record low C = 10.0 | Feb record low C = 11.0 | Mar record low C = 14.2 | Apr record low C = 18.0 | May record low C = 20.0 | Jun record low C = 20.2 | Jul record low C = 23.1 | Aug record low C = 21.0 | Sep record low C = 20.4 | Oct record low C = 17.6 | Nov record low C = 12.0 | Dec record low C = 8.3 |year record low C = 8.3 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 1.0 |Feb rain mm = 1.2 |Mar rain mm = 7.8 |Apr rain mm = 25.8 |May rain mm = 87.4 |Jun rain mm = 88.3 |Jul rain mm = 50.6 |Aug rain mm = 104.1 |Sep rain mm = 161.6 |Oct rain mm = 113.9 |Nov rain mm = 37.3 |Dec rain mm = 3.7 |year rain mm = 682.7 |source 1 = Norwegian Meteorological Institute[6] }} TransportMonywa is served by the Mandalay-Budalin branch railway line, but is best reached by bus as the road from Mandalay is in reasonably good shape. Monywa is linked by road to Budalin, Dabayin, Ye-U and Kin-U, and by rail to Sagaing and the Mandalay - Myitkyina line.[7] River transport on the Chindwin has always been important as it is navigable for {{convert|640|km|mi|abbr=on}} to Hkamti during the monsoon season, and most of the year to Homalin.[8][9] EconomyMonywa is a major centre for trade and commerce and for agricultural produce from the surrounding Chindwin valley, especially beans, orange, pulses and jaggery (palm sugar). In addition, the local industry includes mills for the production of cotton, flour, noodles, and edible oils. Sausages from Alon called wet udaunk are quite popular, and Budalin longyi (sarong) is known for the strength of the fabric and its checked patterns. Monywa's rough cotton blankets are famous throughout Myanmar (with Monywa providing 80% of the country's blankets for a century),[10] and some can even be found sewn up into knapsacks sold to unsuspecting tourists in Bangkok. Other regional crafts include bamboo and reed products, bullock carts and agricultural implements. The village of Kyaukka is well known for its lacquerware utensils for everyday use. Black market goods from India, especially saris and bicycle parts, pass through Monywa on their way to other parts of Myanmar. AttractionsThe major tourist attraction in Monywa is Thambuddhe Pagoda , a Buddhist temple with a huge stupa resembling Indonesia's Borobudur. It dates from 1303, although it was reconstructed in 1939. It is said to contain over 500,000 images of Buddha. Close by is the Maha Bodhi Tahtaung Laykyun Sekkya standing Buddha statue, the tallest statue in the world, with 115,82 metres (at a total of 129.23 metres, including pedestal). This is the focal point of a sprawling site filled with Buddha statues, bodhi trees, and pagodas, established by the Maha Bodhi Ta Htaung Sayadaw in the 1960s. It includes also a 95-metre long reclining Buddha statue.[11] Another attraction is the Phowintaung cave complex across the Chindwin River, approximately {{convert|25|km|mi}} west of Monywa. Nyaung-gan Bronze Age cemetery, dated to between 1,500 BCE and 500 BCE, in Budalin with bronze tools, ceramics and stone artifacts is 60 minutes travel on a narrow road north of Monywa.[12]Very few tourists visit Monywa as its facilities are limited. EducationThe city is home to:
Health carePublic Hospitals
PoliticsThe insurgent Burmese Communist Party (BCP) was centred in the Monywa area (west of the Chindwin River) for many years. Although the BCP is no longer active, the Myanmar military presence in Monywa remains heavy. Notable residents
GalleryNotes1. ^{{Cite web | url=http://en.18dao.net/Area_Code/Myanmar | title=Myanmar Area Codes | accessdate=2009-04-10 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201164116/http://en.18dao.net/Area_Code/Myanmar | archive-date=2009-12-01 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 2. ^{{cite book | url=http://www.dop.gov.mm/moip/index.php?route=census/download/product_download&download_id=69 | title=The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 | publisher=Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population | page=52 | year=May 2015 | access-date=2018-09-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306021311/http://www.dop.gov.mm/moip/index.php?route=census%2Fdownload%2Fproduct_download&download_id=69 | archive-date=2016-03-06 | dead-url=yes | df= }} 3. ^http://www.meteotemplate.com/template/plugins/climateClassification/koppen.php 4. ^https://en.climate-data.org/country/151/ 5. ^http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/2110newsm.pdf{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Page 19 Col 2 6. ^{{cite web | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20181008145507/http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | archivedate = 8 October 2018 | url = http://met-xpprod.customer.enonic.io/publikasjoner/met-report/met-report-2017/_/attachment/download/a3bf1468-4e93-486a-aa3f-4bea3871cffa:b8f39ba9ecfbde7d7c6da8ca769f4a1a96d61d39/MyanmarClimateReportFINAL24Oct2017.pdf | title = Myanmar Climate Report | publisher = Norwegian Meteorological Institute | pages =23-36 | accessdate = 28 October 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.myanmargeneva.org/02nlm/n021202.htm#Senior_General_Than_Shwe_urges_officials |title=Sr Gen Than Shwe urges officials to collectively strive for turning Sagaing Division into granary of Upper Myanmar Assistance assured to upgrade Monywa-Budalin-Dabayin-YeU-KhinU Road |publisher=The New Light of Myanmar, December 3, 2002 |accessdate=2008-10-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090228214721/http://www.myanmargeneva.org/02nlm/n021202.htm#Senior_General_Than_Shwe_urges_officials |archivedate=2009-02-28 |df= }} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/112284/Chindwin-River |title=Chindwin River |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica online |accessdate=2008-10-12}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/CHA_CHR/CHINDWIN.html |title=CHINDWIN |publisher=Online Encyclopaedia |accessdate=2008-10-12}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.mmtimes.com/2011/news/567/news56701.html|title=In Monywa, ‘market economy’ leaves some businesses behind|last=Sandar Lwin|date=21 March 2011|work=Myanmar Times|accessdate=23 August 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916201502/http://mmtimes.com/2011/news/567/news56701.html|archivedate=16 September 2011|df=}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=Nev World Wonders|url=http://www.nevworldwonders.com/2011/11/10-wonder-bodi-tataung-standing-buddha.html}} 12. ^[https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/once-feted-by-myanmars-junta-bronze-age-cemetery-site-returns-to-the-spotlight Once feted by Myanmar's junta, Bronze Age cemetery site returns to the spotlight], Forntier Myanmar. 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.most.gov.mm/monywatu|title=Ministry of Science and Technology|publisher=MOST, February 2009|accessdate=2009-04-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225081841/http://www.most.gov.mm/monywatu/|archivedate=2009-02-25|df=}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ucsy.edu.mm/monywacu|title=Ministry of Science and Technology|publisher=MOST, February 2009|accessdate=2009-04-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719005224/http://www.ucsy.edu.mm/monywacu/|archivedate=2011-07-19|df=}} External links{{Commons category}}
2 : Populated places in Sagaing Region|Township capitals of Myanmar |
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