“Thihathu of Ava”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Thihathu of Ava

释义

Early life
Reign
References
Bibliography

{{Other persons|Thihathu}}{{Infobox royalty
| type = monarch
| name = Thihathu of Ava
{{my|သီဟသူ (အင်းဝ)}}
| image = Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin.jpg
| caption = Thihathu depicted as the Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin nat (spirit)
| reign = {{circa}} October 1421 – August 1425
| coronation =
| succession = King of Ava
| predecessor = Minkhaung I
| successor = Minhlange
| suc-type = Successor
| reg-type =
| regent =
| spouse = Min Hla Htut (divorced)
Saw Min Hla (Chief Queen)^[1]
Shin Bo-Me
Shin Sawbu
| issue = Minhlange (son)
Saw Pye Chantha (daughter)
Shwe Pyi Shin Me (daughter)^[2]
| issue-link =
| full name =
| house = Pinya
| father = Minkhaung I
| mother = Shin Mi-Nauk
| birth_date = 3 June 1394
Wednesday, 6th waxing of 1st Waso 756 ME^[3]
| birth_place = Ava (Inwa)
| death_date = August 1425 (aged 31)
Tawthalin 787 ME^[4]
| death_place = Aung Pinle
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
| religion = Theravada Buddhism
| signature =
}}{{Burmese characters}}

Thihathu of Ava ({{lang-my|သီဟသူ (အင်းဝ)}}, {{IPA-my|θìha̰ðù|pron}}; 1394–1425) was king of Ava from 1421 to 1425. It was during his reign that the Forty Years' War (1385–1424) between Ava and Hanthawaddy Pegu kingdoms came to a formal close. Unlike his late elder brother Minye Kyawswa, he did not consider Pegu his enemy, and followed a policy of conciliation and friendship toward Pegu. In 1423, he actually helped to broker a truce between two rival claimants to the Hanthawaddy throne. For his help in breaking up the fight, Thihathu was given the rival princes' sister Lady Shin Sawbu whom he made his queen.

Though he made peace with Hanthawaddy Pegu in the south, the Shans from various Shan States in the north continued to raid Avan territory. In August 1425, Thihathu was killed in an ambush by the Shan raiders of Hsipaw. The ambush was arranged by his queen Shin Bo-Me who wanted to put her lover Kale Kyetaungnyo on the throne.

Early life

Thihathu was the second son of Minkhaung, the Prince of Pyinsi by his chief queen Shin Mi-Nauk, a daughter of the saopha (Chief) of the Shan state of Mohnyin. As Minkhaung himself was one-eighth Shan, Thihathu was slightly more Shan (9/16th to be exact) than Burman. During his youth, he grew up in Pyinsi, located about 30 miles south of Ava (Inwa) where his father was in charge. In 1400, he came to Ava when his father ascended the Ava throne. His father made him governor of Sagaing, the city across the river from Ava, in 1408.^[5]

Thihathu was not like his fiery elder brother and heir-apparent of Ava, Minye Kyawswa, who led a battalion at age 13 and an army by 16. In his 20s, Thihathu did join his brother's campaigns. In 1415, he led a naval contingent that accompanied Minye Kyawswa's land forces that invaded the Irrawaddy delta.^[6] Thihathu succeeded his brother as governor of the strategically important city of Prome (Pyay) in 1416. In March 1415, Minye Kyawswa fell in battle. Thihathu was made the next heir-apparent in 1415.^[7] He also married his brother's wife Saw Min Hla and had three children.

Reign

Thihathu ascended the Ava throne in circa October 1421 without incident. He chose Saw Min Hla as his chief queen, and his father's chief queen Shin Bo-Me as queen. He was so fond of Bo-Me that his chief queen Saw Min Hla retired into religion.^[8] In November 1423, following the death of King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy, he marched south to the Irrawaddy delta to break up a succession crisis when Prince Binnya Ran I rebelled against his elder brother King Binnya Dhammaraza. For his help in breaking up the fight, Thihathu came back with the two brothers' sister Lady Shin Sawbu and made her queen.^[9]

The king soon grew so fond of Shin Sawbu that Shin Bo-Me became jealous. In August 1425, she secretly instigated the chief of Hsipaw (Thibaw) to attack Ava. In his march to meet the raiders, Thihathu was severely wounded in an ambush and died soon after.^[10] The ambush was arranged by Shin Bo-Me who wanted to put her lover Kale Kyetaungnyo on the throne.^[9]

References

1. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 53
2. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 54
3. ^Zata 1960: 74
4. ^(Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 58): Tawthalin 787 ME = 14 August to 12 September 1425
5. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 1
6. ^Fernquest Spring 2006: 17
7. ^Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 215
8. ^Harvey 1925: 85–95
9. ^¹Htin Aung 1967: 93
10. ^Phayre 1967: 81–82

Bibliography

{{cite journal | last=Fernquest | first=Jon | title=Rajadhirat’s Mask of Command: Military Leadership in Burma (c. 1348–1421) | work=SBBR | volume=4 | issue=1 | date=Spring 2006}}
{{cite book | last=Harvey | first=G. E.| title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824 | publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd | year=1925 | location = London}}
{{cite book | last=Htin Aung | first=Maung | title=A History of Burma | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=New York and London | year=1967}}
{{cite book | last=Phayre | first=Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. | title=History of Burma | year=1883 | edition=1967 | publisher=Susil Gupta | location=London}}
{{cite book | author=Royal Historians of Burma | title=Zatadawbon Yazawin | year=c. 1680 | edition=1960 | editor=U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein) | publisher=Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma}}
{{cite book | author=Royal Historical Commission of Burma | title=Hmannan Yazawin | volume=1–3 | year=1832 | location=Yangon | language=Burmese | edition=2003 | publisher=Ministry of Information, Myanmar}}

{{s-start}}{{s-hou|Ava Kingdom|3 June|1394|August|1425}}{{s-reg}}{{s-bef|before=Minkhaung I}}{{s-ttl|title=King of Ava|years={{circa}} October 1421 – August 1425}}{{s-aft|after=Minhlange}}{{s-roy}}{{s-bef|before=Minye Kyawswa}}{{s-ttl|title=Heir to the Burmese Throne|years=1417–1421}}{{s-aft|after=Minhlange}}{{s-bef|before=Minye Kyawswa}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of Prome|years={{circa}} November 1413–March 1417}}{{s-aft|after=Minye Kyawswa II of Prome}}{{s-bef|before=Theiddat}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of Sagaing|years=1408–1413}}{{s-aft|after=}}{{s-end}}{{Burmese monarchs}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Thihathu Of Ava}}

5 : Burmese monarchs|Ava dynasty|1425 deaths|1394 births|Assassinated Burmese people

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