“Thin-film drug delivery”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Thin-film drug delivery uses a dissolving film or oral drug strip to administer drugs via absorption in the mouth (buccally or sublingually) and/or via the small intestines (enterically). A film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers that rapidly dissolves on the tongue or buccal cavity, delivering the drug to the systemic circulation via dissolution when contact with liquid is made.

Prolific inventors in thin film drug delivery include Richard Fuisz, Joseph Fuisz, Garry Myers and Robert Yang.^[1] This group has contributed over thirty patents in this field.

Thin-film drug delivery has emerged as an advanced alternative to the traditional tablets, capsules and liquids often associated with prescription and OTC medications. Similar in size, shape and thickness to a postage stamp, thin-film strips are typically designed for oral administration, with the user placing the strip on or under the tongue (sublingual) or along the inside of the cheek (buccal). These drug delivery options allow the medication to bypass the first pass metabolism thereby making the medication more bioavailable.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} As the strip dissolves, the drug can enter the blood stream enterically, buccally or sublingually. Evaluating the systemic transmucosal drug delivery, the buccal mucosa is the preferred region as compared to the sublingual mucosa.

Different buccal delivery products have been marketed or are proposed for certain diseases like trigeminal neuralgia, Meniere's disease, diabetes, and addiction.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} There are many commercial non-drug product to use thin films like Mr. Mint and Listerine PocketPaks breath freshening strips. Since then, thin-film products for other breath fresheners, as well as a number of cold, flu, anti-snoring and gastrointestinal medications, have entered the marketplace. There are currently{{When|date=February 2011}} several projects in development that will deliver prescription drugs using the thin-film dosage form.^[2]

Formulation of oral drug strips involves the application of both aesthetic and performance characteristics such as strip-forming polymers, plasticizers, active pharmaceutical ingredient, sweetening agents, saliva stimulating agent, flavoring agents, coloring agents, stabilizing and thickening agents. From the regulatory perspectives, all excipients used in the formulation of oral drug strips should be approved for use in oral pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Oral drug strip development

Strip forming polymers

The polymer employed should be non-toxic, non-irritant and devoid of leachable impurities. It should have good wetting and spreadability property. The polymer should exhibit sufficient peel, shear and tensile strengths. The polymer should be readily available and should not be very expensive. Film obtained should be tough enough so that there won't be any damage while handling or during transportation. Combination of microcrystalline cellulose and maltodextrin has been used to formulate Oral Strips of piroxicam made by hot melt extrusion technique. Pullulan has been the most widely used film former (used in Listerine PocketPak, Benadryl, etc.)

Plasticizers

Plasticizer is a vital ingredient of the OS formulation. It helps to improve the flexibility of the strip and reduces the brittleness of the strip. Plasticizer significantly improves the strip properties by reducing the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Glycerol, Propylene glycol, low molecular weight polyethylene glycols, phthalate derivatives like dimethyl, diethyl and dibutyl phthalate, Citrate derivatives such as tributyl, triethyl, acetyl citrate, triacetin and castor oil are some of the commonly used plasticizer excipients.

Active pharmaceutical ingredient

Since the size of the dosage form has limitation, high-dose molecules are difficult to be incorporated in OS. Generally 5%w/w to 30%w/w of active pharmaceutical ingredients can be incorporated in the oral strip.^[3]

Sweeting, flavoring and coloring agent

An important aspect of thin film drug technology is its taste and color. The sweet taste in formulation is more important in case of pediatric population. Natural sweeteners as well as artificial sweeteners are used to improve the flavor of the mouth dissolving formulations for the flavors changes from individual to individual. Pigments such as titanium dioxide is incorporated for coloring.

Stabilizing and thickening agents

The stabilizing and thickening agents are employed to improve the viscosity and consistency of dispersion or solution of the strip preparation solution or suspension before casting. Drug content uniformity is a requirement for all dosage forms, particularly those containing low dose highly potent drugs. To uniquely meet this requirement, thin film formulations contain uniform dispersions of drug throughout the whole manufacturing process.^[4] Since this criterion is essential for the quality of the thin film and final pharmaceutical dosage form, the use of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) was recommended to follow the manufacturing process.^[5]

Oral strips in development

Other molecules like Sildenafil citrate, Tadalafil, Methylcobalamin and Vitamin D3 are also developed by Zim Laboratories Ltd.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.google.co.in/patents/EP1587504A1?cl=zh-CN |title=Thin film with non-self-aggregating uniform heterogeneity and drug delivery systems made therefrom |publisher=Google Patents |date= |accessdate=2005-10-26}}
2. ^"Oral Thin Films," in Orally Disintegrating Tablet and Film Technologies, 5th ed. (Technology Catalysts International, Falls Church, VA, 2008)
3. ^{{cite journal| last1= Dixit |first1= R. |last2= Puthli |first2= S.|year= 2009| title=Oral strip technology: Overview and future potential.|journal= Journal of Controlled Release| volume= 139|location= Mumbai,India| issue=2| pages=94–107 |pmid=19559740| doi= 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.06.014}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fda.gov/ora/compliance_ref/cpg/cpgdrg/cpg460-600.html |title=FDA Office of Regulatory Affairs, Sec. 460.600 Content Uniformity Testing of Tablets and Capsules |publisher=Fda.gov |date= |accessdate=2009-09-21}}
5. ^{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/S0255-2701(98)00032-4 | first1=S |last1= Le Person |first2= J.R. |last2=Puiggali |first3= M. |last3=Baron |first4= M. | title=Near infrared drying of pharmaceutical thin films: experimental analysis of internal mass transport |last4= Roques |journal= Chem. Eng. & Processing |year= 1998 | volume= 37 |pages= 257–263 }}
6. ^{{cite journal| title=Drug Delivery Via Dissolving Strips.| journal= Drug Discovery & Development| year=2007| volume=10|issue=7|page=10|issn=1524-783X}}