| 词条 | Thomas Cromwell (Parliamentary diarist) |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Thomas Cromwell | honorific_suffix = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = c. 1540 | birth_place = Launde Abbey, Leicestershire | death_date = {{Death year and age|1611|1540}} | death_place = King’s Lynn, Norfolk | resting_place = | occupation = Member of Parliament, parliamentary diarist | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | spouse = Katherine Gardner | partner = | children = Henry Cromwell Humfrey Cromwell Ann Cromwell Susan Cromwell Lyonell Cromwell Thomas Cromwell Gregory Cromwell Katherine Cromwell Mary Cromwell | parents = Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell Elizabeth Seymour | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | footnotes = | box_width = }} Thomas Cromwell (c. 1540 – c. 1611), was an English Member of Parliament during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. His diaries of proceedings in the House of Commons are an important source for historians of parliamentary history during the period when he was a member, and Sir John Neale draws heavily upon them in his ground-breaking two-volume study of Elizabeth I and Her Parliaments (1953–1957). FamilyThomas Cromwell was the third son of Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell and Elizabeth Seymour, sister to Jane Seymour, third wife of Henry VIII. He was the grandson of statesman Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, chief minister to Henry VIII.{{sfn|Noble|1784|p=8}} Born in around 1540, he was educated at St John's College, Cambridge where he matriculated in 1553.{{sfn|Venn|1922|p=423}}{{sfn|N. M. S.|1981}} CareerCromwell was a member of five successive Parliaments between 1571 and 1589 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. His constituencies included Fowey (1571), Bodmin (1572–1581) and Grampound (1586-7 and 1588). Gregory Cromwell had been a friend of Sir William Cecil, who he described in his will as my especial and singular good lord, and it may have been Cecil who found Thomas Cromwell his seats at Fowey, Bodmin and Grampound. His return at Preston in 1584 may be accounted for by the patronage of Sir Ralph Sadler, chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, who was brought up in the household of Cromwell’s grandfather.{{sfn|N. M. S.|1981}} He served on numerous Parliamentary committees and, by the end of his career, seems to have been one of the most respected of the independent members and recognised as an authority on Parliamentary procedure. His sympathies were with the Puritan party in the House, but he was considered a moderate. Neale described him as the model type of parliamentarian, deeply versed in the history and procedure of the institution, though lacking in historical perspective; eminently responsible, but fearless in defence of liberty. He was a puritan but his zeal did not cloud his judgment which, with his knowledge of procedure, rendered him one of the most experienced committeemen of his time.{{sfn|N. M. S.|1981}} Marriage and issueThomas Cromwell married, on 18 Aug 1580, Katherine (died before 1 Aug 1616), daughter of Thomas Gardner of Coxford, and by her had 5 sons and 4 daughters.{{sfn|Rye|1891|page=124}}{{sfn|Carthew|1878|p=522}}
DeathAfter retiring from Parliament, Cromwell resided at King’s Lynn, Norfolk, making his will on 17 Feb. 1610. Cromwell requested that no "pomp or sumptuousness" be used at his funeral, "being not willing to have vanities continued for me after my death, whereto I have been too much subject in my lifetime." He died between February 1610 and April 1611, leaving money and property to his wife "who has always been a most loving wife... and hath besides endured many griefs and sorrows for my sake", to his children, subject to their good behaviour and money to the poor of Great Risborough, Norfolk, and to the poor of the parish where he died.{{sfn|N. M. S.|1981}} ReferencesBibliography
External links
13 : Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall|1540 births|1611 deaths|Cromwell family|17th-century English people|People of the Tudor period|People of the Stuart period|English MPs 1571|English MPs 1572–1583|English MPs 1584–1585|English MPs 1586–1587|English MPs 1589|Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge |
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