| 词条 | Mopane |
| 释义 |
|name = Mopane |image = Mopane.JPG |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |subfamilia = Detarioideae |genus = Colophospermum |genus_authority = Kirk ex J.Léonard |species = C. mopane |binomial = Colophospermum mopane |binomial_authority = (Kirk ex Benth.) Kirk ex J.Léonard |synonyms =
|synonyms_ref = [1] |range_map = Mopane-Distribution-small.png }} Colophospermum mopane, commonly called mopane,[2] mophane, mopani,{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} balsam tree,[2] butterfly tree,[2] or turpentine tree,[2] is a tree in the legume family (Fabaceae), that grows in hot, dry, low-lying areas, {{convert|200|to|1150|m|ft}} in elevation, in the far northern parts of southern Africa. The tree only occurs in Africa and is the only species in genus Colophospermum. Its distinctive butterfly-shaped (bifoliate) leaf and thin seed pod make it easy to identify. In terms of human use it is, together with camel thorn and leadwood, one of the three regionally important firewood trees. Range and habitIt is native to Angola and Malawi. It is found growing in alkaline (high lime content) soils which are shallow and not well drained. It also grows in alluvial soils (soil deposited by rivers). In small portions of South Africa and larger adjacent areas of Botswana and Zimbabwe, the trees tend to vary between {{convert|4|and|18|m|ft|abbr=on}}, often called "mopane scrub" (shrub) but also sometimes taller and forming woodland, where further north the trees are taller and form tall woodlands referred to as cathedral mopane. This tree does not grow well outside hot, frost-free areas with summer rainfall. Mopane ecoregionsThere are two ecoregions where mopane is the predominant vegetation. The Angolan Mopane woodlands are in southwestern Angola and northern Namibia, and the Zambezian and mopane woodlands extend over the lowlands of the Zambezi River and its tributaries in Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, South Africa, and Swaziland. UsesMopane wood is one of southern Africa's heaviest and is difficult to work because of its hardness.[3] However, this also makes it termite resistant. For this reason it has long been used for building houses and fences, as railway sleepers and as pit props. The termite-resistance and rich, reddish colouring also make it popular for flooring. Outside Africa, mopane is gaining popularity as a heavy, decorative wood, its uses including aquarium ornaments, bases for lamps or sculptures, and garden accents. It is also increasingly being used in the construction of musical instruments, particularly woodwind. Suitable quality African blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon), traditionally used for clarinets, is becoming harder to find. Mopane is fairly oily, seasons very well with few splits or shakes, and produces instruments of a warm, rich tone.[4] Mopane twigs have been traditionally used as tooth brushes, bark to make twine and for tanning, and leaves for healing wounds. The wood is also used to make charcoal and for braai wood. The tree is a major food source for the mopane worm, the caterpillar of the moth Gonimbrasia belina. The caterpillars are rich in protein and are eaten by people. The tree also acts as a foodplant for a wild silk moth, Gonometa rufobrunnea. Cocoons of the moth are harvested as wild silk, to make cloth. The mopane tree also serves as a host plant for the mopane psyllid Retroacizzia mopani.[5][6] EtymologyColophospermum is Latinised Greek for "oily seed", in reference to the resinous seed (i.e. spermum) which has a turpentine smell. Colophon was the birthplace of Homer in Ionia, and was famous for its rosin, a substance obtained from turpentine or the gummy exudate of some trees.[7] The species name mopane is taken from the local name for the tree. See also{{Portal|Trees}}
References{{Commons category|Colophospermum mopane}}1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-1160|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=29 March 2015}} * Esterhuyse, N., Von Breitenbach, J. & Söhnge, H. 2001. Remarkable trees of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.2. ^1 2 3 {{GRIN | accessdate = 15 December 2017}} 3. ^The Wood Database Mopane. Retrieved 24 June 2013. 4. ^Prosono International Woods for woodwinds. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 5. ^Oppong, C.K., Addo-Bediako, A., Potgieter, M.J. & Wessels, D.C.J. 2009. Distribution of the eggs of the mopane psyllid Retroacizzia mopani (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on the mopane tree. African Invertebrates 50 (1): 185-190. 6. ^Oppong, C.K., Addo-Bediako, A., Potgieter, M.J. & Wessels, D.C.J. 2010. Nymphal behaviour and lerp construction in the mopane psyllid Retroacizzia mopani (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). African Invertebrates 51 (1): 201-205.{{cite web |url=http://www.africaninvertebrates.org.za/Oppong_etal_2010_51_1_467.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-06-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624011858/http://www.africaninvertebrates.org.za/Oppong_etal_2010_51_1_467.aspx |archivedate=2010-06-24 |df= }} 7. ^A reference to the species' resinous seed: 'Origins and Meanings of Names of South African Plant Genera' - W.P.U. Jackson (1990)
11 : Detarioideae|Trees of South Africa|Trees of Angola|Flora of Mozambique|Trees of Botswana|Flora of Zimbabwe|Flora of Zambia|Flora of Namibia|Drought-tolerant trees|Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests|Monotypic plant genera |
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