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词条 Thomas-Morse S-4
释义

  1. Design and development

  2. Operational history

  3. Operators

  4. Surviving aircraft

  5. Specifications (S-4C, late production)

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

name=S-4 image= File:Thomas-Morse S4C Scout BelowL light Early Years NMUSAF 25Sep09 (14413222320).jpg caption= The NMUSAF's S-4C Scout in Dayton, OH USA

}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type

 type=advanced trainer national origin=United States manufacturer=Thomas-Morse Aircraft designer=Benjamin D. Thomas1917}}[1] introduced= retired= status= primary user= number built= developed from= variants with their own articles=
}}

The Thomas-Morse S-4 Scout was an American biplane advanced trainer, operated by the United States Army and the United States Navy. Dubbed the "Tommy" by pilots who flew it, the aircraft became the favorite single-seat training airplane produced in the U.S. during World War I. It had a long and varied career beginning with the S-4B, which first appeared in the summer of 1917.[2]

Design and development

Built by Thomas-Morse Aircraft in Ithaca, New York in {{avyear|1917}}, it was a compact single-seat open-cockpit biplane of equal span and a 100 hp (75 kW) Gnome rotary engine.[3]

The S-4 was designed by Englishman Benjamin Douglas Thomas (no relation to the company owners),[4] formerly with the Sopwith Aviation Company,[5] who also assisted with the design of the Curtiss JN-4 Jenny.[6] The S-4 made its maiden flight in June 1917 in the hands of Paul D. Wilson.[4] Twelve planes went to the Navy.[4]

Operational history

The S-4B, with a{{convert|100|hp|abbr=on}} Gnome, a span of 27’ (8.22 m), and length of 20’3” (6.17 m)[4] proved more successful, with three prototypes followed by an order of 97 for the Army and 10 for the Navy,[4][11] while six more were completed with two main and one tail floats as the Navy S-5.[3][7] The S-4B was used by practically every pursuit flying school in the U.S. during 1918.[2]

It was supplemented in 1918 by the S-4C, at a cost of US$5400 each.[4] Six prototypes were built,[4] and the {{convert|100|hp|abbr=on}} Gnome 9B-2 was replaced by the more reliable {{convert|80|hp|abbr=on}} Le Rhône 9C starting with the fifty-second production aircraft.[3][4] 461 S-4Cs went to the Army and four S-4Cs with floats went to the Navy.[4]

After World War I, many "Tommys" were sold as surplus to civilian flying schools, sportsman pilots, and ex-Army fliers. Many were still being used in the mid-1930s for World War I aviation movies, and several continue to exist in flying condition today.[2]

A single aircraft was fitted with new tail and the more powerful {{convert|110|hp|abbr=on}} Le Rhone 9J rotary engine, becoming the S-4E aerobatic trainer.[3] It was not adopted by the military, and after being fitted with a {{convert|135|hp|abbr=on}} Aeromarine V8 engine, it became Basil Rowe‘s racer Space-Eater.[4]

About sixty surplus aircraft survived in civil service, most of which were fitted with the Curtiss OX-5.[4]

Operators

{{USA}}
  • United States Army Air Service
  • United States Navy

Surviving aircraft

  • 633 – S-4C in storage at Fantasy of Flight in Polk City, Florida. It was previously owned by the Crawford Auto-Aviation Museum.[8][9]
  • 4328 or 4367 – S-4B on static display at the Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in Red Hook, New York. It is possibly the last S-4B produced.[10][11][28]
  • 4366 – S-4B was restored over the course of 15 years by the Ithaca Aviation Heritage Foundation in Ithaca, New York. It is made up of the fuselage of an S-4B, a top wing of a S-4C, and a reproduction bottom wing. Restoration was completed in 2018, and on September 29, the plane took off from the Ithaca Tompkins Regional Airport and flew multiple circuits above a large crowd gathered in honor of the Tommy’s 100th birthday. It then successfully landed. The pilot was Ken Cassens of Rheinbeck.[12] Now that the plane has flown once, there are no plans for it to fly again. Instead it will be installed in a permanent exhibit at the Ithaca Heritage Center, being constructed in the new Ithaca Heritage Center, the former Tompkins Trust building on the Ithaca Commons. The plane was previously owned by William N. Thibault.[13][14][15]
  • 38898 – S-4C airworthy at the Eagles Mere Air Museum in Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania.[16][17][18]
  • 38899 – S-4C on static display at the EAA Aviation Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.[19]
  • 38934 – S-4C on static display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York. It is equipped with its original Marlin machine gun and is on loan from Paul Kotze.[20][21]
  • 38944 – S-4C on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. It was restored by students at the Aero Mechanics High School in Detroit, Michigan.[22][23]
  • 39734 – S-4C on display at Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.[24][25]
  • S-4B on static display at the National Museum of the Marine Corps in Triangle, Virginia.[26] It was obtained in a trade with the Aeroflex Museum in 1979 and was restored by Century Aviation.[27] This aircraft has original S-4B wings mounted on a reproduction B-fuselage, which was fabricated using parts from the prototype S-4.[14]
  • S-4C on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida. In 2000, it was reconfigured as an S-5 floatplane with the addition of twin floats. It is painted as Bureau Number A-5858.[28]
  • S-4C under restoration at the Pioneer Flight Museum in Kingsbury, Texas.[29]
  • S-4 under restoration Pioneer Flight Museum in Kingsbury, Texas.[30]
  • S-4 on static display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum in Garden City, New York. It is an uncovered Scout fuselage, possibly from one of the prototypes, fitted with a LeRhone engine and a working gun synchronizer.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}}

Specifications (S-4C, late production)

{{aerospecs
|ref=Aerofiles, United States Navy Aircraft since 1911,[4][31]
|met or eng?= eng
|crew=1
|capacity=
|length m= 6.05 m
|length ft=19
|length in= 10
|span m=8.08
|span ft=26
|span in=6
|height m=2.46
|height ft=8
|height in=1
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=
|gross weight kg=605
|gross weight lb=1,330
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 type=Le Rhône 9C air-cooled rotary
|eng1 kw=60
|eng1 hp=80
|eng2 number=
|eng2 type=
|eng2 kw=
|eng2 hp=
|max speed kmh=156
|max speed mph=97
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|range km=
|range miles=
|endurance h=2
|endurance min=30
|ceiling m=4,500 [32]
|ceiling ft=15,000
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|armament1= Optional .30 caliber M1917/1918 Marlin-Rockwell machine gun
}}

See also

{{Portal|Aviation|United States Navy}}{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
|similar aircraft=
  • Standard E-1

|sequence=
|lists=
  • List of military aircraft of the United States

}}

References

Notes
1. ^Holmes, 2005. p 52.
2. ^1 2 United States Air Force Museum 1975, p. 10.
3. ^1 2 3 Donald 1997, p. 875.
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Thomas." Aerofiles.com. Retrieved April 8, 2008.
5. ^Angelucci 1973, p. 41.
6. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas-Morse S-4 Scout|url=http://www.aviation-history.com/thomas/scout.html|publisher=The Aviation History Online Museum|accessdate=November 29, 2016}}
7. ^Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 472.
8. ^{{cite web|title=1918 Thomas Morse Scout|url=http://www.fantasyofflight.com/collection/aircraft/currently-not-showing-in-museum/wwi/1918-thomas-morse-scout|website=Fantasy of Flight|publisher=Fantasy of Flight|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N1917T]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N1917T|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas Morse S-4B Scout|url=http://oldrhinebeck.org/thomas-morse-s-4b-scout|website=Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome|publisher=Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome|accessdate=9 May 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220083034/http://oldrhinebeck.org/thomas-morse-s-4b-scout|archivedate=20 December 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N74W]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N74W|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
12. ^http://www.lansingstar.com/around-town/15397-tommy-s-perfect-centennial-flight
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Hooker|first1=Chris|title=Restored Thomas- Morse Plane Takes Shape|url=http://www.ithaca.com/news/restored-thomas--morse-plane-takes-shape/article_b57be918-8ac0-11e4-aa31-774cc0632c8d.html|accessdate=10 May 2017|work=ithaca.com|publisher=Ithaca Times|date=27 December 2014}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Rundle|first1=Jim|last2=Funke|first2=Don|title=Differences Between the Thomas Morse S-4B and S-4C: Lessons and Questions From an Ongoing Restoration (Part 1)|url=http://www.tommycomehome.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/WW1Aero214-ThomasMorse-Article.pdf|website=Tommy Comes Home|accessdate=10 May 2017|date=February 2013}}
15. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Funke|first1=Don|last2=Rundle|first2=Jim|title=Differences Between the Thomas-Morse S-4B and S-4C: Lessons and Questions From an Ongoing Restoration (Part 2)|url=http://www.tommycomehome.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ThomasMorseArticleWW1Aero215PDFA.pdf|website=Tommy Comes Home|accessdate=10 May 2017|date=February 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web|title=[Homepage]|url=http://www.eaglesmereairmuseum.org|website=Eagles Mere Air Museum|publisher=Eagles Mere Air Museum|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Thomas-Morse S-4C Scout, c/n 38898, c/r N3307T|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=33722|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N3307T]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N3307T|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=1918 Thomas-Morse Scout S4C - N38899|url=http://www.eaa.org/en/eaa-museum/museum-collection/aircraft-collection-folder/1918-thomas-morse-scout-s4c|website=EAA|publisher=EAA|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas Morse S4C Scout, Ithaca, NY, 1918|url=http://www.cradleofaviation.org/history/exhibits/world_war_i/thomas_morse_s4c_scout.html|website=Cradle of Aviation Museum|accessdate=10 May 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503043210/http://www.cradleofaviation.org/history/exhibits/world_war_i/thomas_morse_s4c_scout.html|archivedate=3 May 2017|df=}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Thomas-Morse S-4C Scout, s/n 38934, c/r N1115|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=9412|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas-Morse S4C Scout|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197404/thomas-morse-s4c-scout|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|accessdate=9 May 2017|date=7 April 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Thomas-Morse S-4C Scout, s/n SC38944 USASC|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=61269|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas-Morse Scout|url=http://yanksair.org/collection/thomas-morse-scout|website=Yanks Air Museum|publisher=Yanks Air Museum|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Thomas-MorseS-4 Scout, c/n 39734|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=93174|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
26. ^{{cite web|title=World War I|url=http://www.usmcmuseum.com/exhibit_wwi.html|website=National Museum of the Marine Corps|accessdate=9 May 2017}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=1917 Thomas Morse S-4 Scout 'Tommie'|url=http://century-aviation.com/essential_grid/1917-thomas-morse-s-4-scout-tommie|website=Century Aviation|publisher=Century Aviation|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=S-4C SCOUT|url=http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=s-4c_scout|website=National Naval Aviation Museum|publisher=Naval Aviation Museum Foundation|accessdate=9 May 2017}}
29. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas-Morse Scout [1]|url=http://pioneerflightmuseum.org/aircraft/tommy.shtml|website=Pioneer Flight Museum|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Thomas-Morse Scout [2]|url=http://pioneerflightmuseum.org/aircraft/tommy2/index.shtml|website=Pioneer Flight Museum|accessdate=10 May 2017}}
31. ^1 Swanborough and Bowers 1976, p. 471.
32. ^Angelucci 1983, p. 85.
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
  • Angelucci, Enzo, Great Aeroplanes of the World. London: Hamlyn, 1973.
  • Angelucci, Enzo. The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, 1914–1980. San Diego, California: The Military Press, 1983. {{ISBN|0-517-41021-4}}.
  • Donald, David, ed. Encyclopedia of World Aircraft, p. 875, "Thomas Brothers and Thomas-Morse aircraft". Etobicoke, Ontario: Prospero Books, 1997.
  • Holmes, Tony. Jane's Vintage Aircraft Recognition Guide. London: Harper Collins, 2005. {{ISBN|0-00-719292-4}}.
  • Strnad, Frank. The Thomas Morse Scout. London: Profile Publications, 1966.
  • Swanborough, Gordon and Bowers, Peter. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London:Putnam, Second edition, 1976. {{ISBN|0-370-10054-9}}.
  • United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
{{refend}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • Aerofiles
  • Thomas-Morse S-4 (history, photos, three-view, and paper model)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20140505003129/http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/thomas-morse-s-4b-scout/ Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Thomas-Morse S-4B page]
  • The Ithaca Aviation Heritage Foundation
{{Thomas-Morse aircraft}}

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