| 词条 | Thomas Williams (Union general) |
| 释义 |
|name=Thomas R. Williams |image=General Thomas Williams.tif |caption=Civil War General Thomas Williams (1815-1862) who died in the Battle of Baton Rouge |birth_date= {{birth date|1815|1|16}} |death_date= {{death date and age|1862|8|5|1815|1|16}} |birth_place=Albany, New York |death_place=Baton Rouge, Louisiana |placeofburial= Elmwood Cemetery Detroit, Michigan |placeofburial_label= Place of burial |nickname= |allegiance= United States of America Union |branch= United States Army Union Army |serviceyears=1832, 1837 - 1862 |rank= Brigadier General |unit=Department of the Gulf |commands=Williams' Brigade |battles=Black Hawk War Second Seminole War Mexican War American Civil War *Occupation of New Orleans *Battle of Baton Rouge{{KIA}} |awards= |relations= |laterwork=career soldier }}Thomas R. Williams (January 16, 1815 – August 5, 1862) was an antebellum United States Army officer and a brigadier general in the Union Army during the Civil War. He was killed as he commanded the Union troops at the Battle of Baton Rouge.[1] Birth and early yearsWilliams was born in 1815 in Albany, New York.[2][3] His father was General John R. Williams, the first Mayor of Detroit[4] and prominent military figure in Michigan.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}} His father married his cousin, Mary Mott,[3] of one of Albany's leading families. Williams was the fifth of nine surviving children.[3] Williams' grandfather, Thomas Williams, settled in Detroit in 1765 and the Williams family remained there from that time.[1] Prior to Detroit, the Williams family had settled in Albany, New York in 1690.[1] Military careerHe began his military service in 1832 as a private in an infantry company during the Black Hawk War, serving as a trumpeter under his father's command.[5] The following year, Williams received an appointment to attend the United States Military Academy, then graduated in the Class of 1837 and he also taught mathematics at West Point in 1844.[6] He was breveted as a second lieutenant of the 4th U. S. Artillery. He later served in the Seminole Wars as a first Lieutenant and Assistant Commissary of Substance. Williams served in the Mexican War and was brevetted as a captain on August 20, 1847. He was brevetted as a major on September 13, 1847, for "meritorious service" in the war.[5] Following the Mexican War, Williams was promoted to full captain and posted to Mackinac Island, Michigan, where he met and married Mary Neosho Bailey,[9] the daughter of Dr. Joseph Bailey, who served in the U.S. Army. Her Dutch ancestors were from the Hudson River Valley area and New England.[1] Williams was later assigned to posts in Florida and the Utah Territory. By the late 1850s, he was serving as an instructor at the Artillery School at Fort Monroe in Virginia.[10] Civil War and deathShortly after the Civil War began, Williams was promoted to major in the 5th U. S. Artillery on May 14, 1861. On September 28, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln promoted Williams to Brigadier General of U. S. Volunteers, to rank from that date and on February 3, 1862, the U.S. Senate confirmed his nomination.[11] He was posted to the command of a brigade on the Potomac River, and was later posted to Fort Hatteras, North Carolina. He then was assigned to Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler's command in the land operations against New Orleans, Louisiana. Williams and his brigade were assigned the task of occupying Baton Rouge, Louisiana. On May 29, General Williams arrived in the city with six regiments of infantry, two artillery batteries, and a troop of cavalry. During the early summer, Williams' 3,000-man infantry brigade began work on what later became known as Grant's Canal, cutting a new channel across the base of De Soto Point on the west side of the Mississippi River across from Vicksburg, Mississippi. The purpose of the canal was to develop a channel for navigation that would enable gunboats and transports to bypass the Confederate batteries at Vicksburg. In August 1862, Confederate forces under the command of General John C. Breckinridge attacked the Union defenses of Baton Rouge in an effort to retake the state′s capital. In the resulting engagement, the Battle of Baton Rouge, Williams was killed by a gunshot wound to his chest on 5 August 1862 while leading what proved to be the successful defense of the city.[12] It was rumored that it was friendly fire.[13] Williams's body was aboard the transport steamer Whiteman or Lewis Whitman (sources differ) along with other dead and wounded from the Battle of Baton Rouge when the steamer sank in the Mississippi River near Donaldsonville, Louisiana, with the loss of all hands after colliding with the United States Navy sloop-of-war {{USS|Oneida|1861|6}} on 7 August 1862.[14][15] Williams's body was recovered, and he was buried in the family plot in Elmwood Cemetery in Detroit, Michigan.[16] Personal lifeWilliams had two sons, John R. Williams and Gershom Mott Williams, and a daughter named Mary Josepha Williams.[17] Gershom was the first bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Marquette and he published General Williams' personal papers.[18] Josepha, was a physician and like her mother, Mary Neosho WIlliams, a significant landowner in Evergreen, Colorado.[19] She and Dr. Madeline Marquette founded the Marquette-Williams Sanitarium, a medical and surgical center, in Denver, Colorado in 1888. In 1892, they established a nursing school in conjunction with the sanitarium.[20] Josepha was married in 1896 to Canon Charles Winfred Douglas,[21] an Episcopalian priest and expert in plainsong music.[22] See also{{Portal|United States Army|American Civil War}}
Notes1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=The Churchman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmAxAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA21-PA31|year=1895|publisher=Churchman Company|page=709|chapter=The Rev. G. Mott Williams, M.A.}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas H. Richey|title=The Battle of Baton Rouge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_EKYU6vHCgC&pg=PA17|date=September 1, 2005|publisher=Virtualbookworm Publishing|isbn=978-1-58939-770-5|pages=17–18}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|author1=Clarence Monroe Burton|author2=William Stocking|author3=Gordon K. Miller|title=The City of Detroit, Michigan, 1701-1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2g3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1402|year=1922|publisher=S. J. Clarke publishing Company|page=1402}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Clarence Monroe Burton|author2=William Stocking|author3=Gordon K. Miller|title=The City of Detroit, Michigan, 1701-1922|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2g3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA926|year=1922|publisher=S. J. Clarke publishing Company|pages=926, 1294–1295}} 5. ^1 Elmwood Cemetery webpage for General Williams 6. ^{{cite book|title=Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862|year=1863|publisher=D. Appleton & Company|location=New York|page=670|url=https://archive.org/stream/1862appletonsan02newyuoft#page/n677/mode/1up}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/79000611.pdf | title=Evergreen Conference District Nomination Form | work= National Register of Historic Places | publisher=National Park Service | accessdate=October 6, 2016 }} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.citymtnviews.com/neighborhoods/evergreen/hiwan.html | title=Jefferson County Neighborhoods: The Hiwans of Evergreen|publisher=City and Mountain Views | accessdate=October 6, 2016 }} 9. ^Michigan government documents 10. ^Trail-R-Us: John Hunt Morgan 11. ^Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-8047-3641-3}}. p. 731 12. ^Trails-R-Us 13. ^{{Cite book|title=Friendly Fire in the Civil War: More Than 100 True Stories of Comrade Killing Comrade|last=Garrison|first=Webb|publisher=Rutledge Hill Press, Inc.|year=1999|isbn=978-1595552297|location=211 7th Ave North, Nashville, TN|pages=Chapter 15}} 14. ^Gaines, W. Craig, Encyclopedia of Civil War Shipwrecks, Louisiana State University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-8071-3274-6}}., p. 104. 15. ^[https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/o/oneida-ii.html Naval History and Heritage Command Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Oneida II (Screw Sloop of War)] 16. ^[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5897139 Find-a-Grave bio and photo] 17. ^{{cite book|author1=Michigan Supreme Court|author2=Harry Burns Hutchins|author3=Randolph Manning|title=Michigan Reports: Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of Michigan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SlAaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA558|year=1879|publisher=Phelphs & Stevens, printers|page=558}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=The Michigan Alumnus|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ryJYAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA521|year=1935|publisher=UM Libraries|page=521|chapter=Michigan's Tuition Charges Were Small in 1827|id=UOM:39015006954393|quote=Biographical information about John R. Williams and other family members.}} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Melanie Shellenbarger|title=High Country Summers: The Early Second Homes of Colorado, 1880Ð1940|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwLzk-fZ5sAC&pg=PA238|date=1 November 2012|publisher=University of Arizona Press|isbn=978-0-8165-2958-2|page=238}} 20. ^{{cite book|author=Tom Sherlock|title=Colorado's Healthcare Heritage: A Chronology of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Volume One — 1800-1899|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T46bBnZIX6sC&pg=PA363|date=15 April 2013|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-1-4759-8026-4|page=363}} 21. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas J. Noel|title=Guide to Colorado Historic Places: Sites Supported by the Colorado Historical Society's State Historical Fund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zj7GdZt0cR0C&pg=PA178|date=28 February 2007|publisher=Big Earth Publishing|isbn=978-1-56579-493-1|page=178}} 22. ^{{cite web | url=http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/79000611.pdf | title=Evergreen Conference District Nomination Form | work= National Register of Historic Places | publisher=National Park Service | accessdate=October 6, 2016 }} References{{refbegin}}
12 : 1815 births|1862 deaths|United States Military Academy alumni|American military personnel of the Mexican–American War|Members of the Aztec Club of 1847|Union Army generals|United States Army generals|Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War|Military personnel from Albany, New York|People of New York (state) in the American Civil War|American people of the Black Hawk War|American people of the Seminole Wars |
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