| 词条 | Thornhill (Forkland, Alabama) |
| 释义 |
| name = Thornhill | nrhp_type = | image = Thornhill 01.jpg | caption = The front elevation of the main house in 2010 | nearest_city= Forkland, Alabama | coordinates = {{coord|32|41|18|N|87|55|45|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = Alabama#USA | area = | built =1833 | architect=William Nichols | architecture= Greek Revival | added = May 10, 1984 | governing_body = Private | refnum=84000618[1] }}Thornhill is a historic plantation near Forkland, Alabama. The Greek Revival main house was built in 1833 by James Innes Thornton.[2] The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 10, 1984.[1] HistoryJames Innes Thornton was born October 28, 1800, at the Thornton family plantation known as Fall Hill, in Fredericksburg, Virginia. He was educated at Washington and Lee University and then emigrated to Huntsville, Alabama. He began to practice law there in 1820. He was elected as Alabama's third secretary of state in 1824 and remained in that position until 1834. After this he retired from public life and became a planter in Greene County. Thornton married Mary Amelia Glover in 1825, daughter of Allen and Sarah Norwood Glover of Demopolis.[2] They had two children. Her brother, Williamson Allen Glover, developed the neighboring plantation known as Rosemount. Mary died after only a few years. In 1831, Thornton remarried to Anne Amelia Smith of Dumfries, Virginia. Anne died in 1864. He then remarried in 1870 for a third and final time to Mrs. Sarah Williams Gould Gowdy, daughter of William Proctor and Eliza Chotard Gould of the Hill of Howth in Boligee. Thornton died at Thornhill on September 13, 1877.[2]Regarding the Thornton connection to George Washington, Mildred Washington Gregory, George Washington's paternal aunt and godmother, had three daughters who married three Thornton brothers. Mildred Gregory's daughter Frances (circ. 1720-1790)(first cousin of George Washington) married Col. Francis Thornton III (circ. 1711-1748) of Fall Hill. They were the great-grandparents of James Innes Thornton. Thornhill Plantation was developed as a cotton plantation in the early 1830s and extended over {{convert|2600|acre|km2}}. It utilized the labor of 156 slaves by 1860. About a third of the slaves lived in quarters behind the plantation house.[3] According to the diary of Josiah Gorgas, in talking with Thornton at Thornhill on Tuesday, June 6, 1865, less than two months after the end of the Civil War, Thornton "oppos(ed) ... the doctrine of secession and necessary deduction that we fought so valiantly (in the War) and bled so freely in a cause radically wrong." Gorgas pointed out however, "He has, I learn however, done his share to sustain the war, & perhaps that consciousness makes him talk the more freely of his former views"[4] ArchitectureWilliam Nichols is believed to be the architect of the main house at Thornhill. Nichols became the state architect of Alabama in 1827. He is known for designing the now-destroyed Alabama State Capitol building at Tuscaloosa and the former Mississippi State Capitol building in Jackson, Mississippi. The house at Thornhill was completed by 1833. The monumental two-story portico with six Ionic columns was added circa 1850. David Rinehart Anthony, of Eutaw, is believed to be the builder who made the portico addition and second story balcony (crisscrossed lattice railing). The house measures {{convert|55|ft|m}} wide. Inside is a {{convert|14|ft|abbr=on}} wide by {{convert|40|ft|abbr=on}} long central hall with a spiral staircase at the back. There are two rooms to either side. The left front room was the parlor, with the dining room behind it. On the front right was the master bedroom with the plantation office behind it. Upstairs is a matching hall and four bedrooms. All eight rooms are {{convert|19.5|ft}} square. The downstairs rooms have {{convert|12|ft|m|adj=on}} ceilings. The upstairs ceilings are {{convert|11|ft|m}}. Originally there was a brick kitchen behind the house, it later burned. Additions were made to the original structure from circa 1890 to 1949. They were razed in 1994 and rebuilt to better match the original intent of the house. The house and grounds were extensively recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934.[5] The plantation schoolhouse was constructed circa 1845. The Thornton children, as well as neighboring plantation children, were taught there. Surrounding the schoolhouse are 230-year-old post oaks. Family CemeteryBuried in the family cemetery, located a few hundred feet east of the main house, are:[6]
Grandson James Innes Thornton (March 10, 1873 - July 23, 1951) was re-interred in Eutaw's Mesopotamia Cemetery, next to his second wife, Helen Williamson Allison Thornton (February 15, 1890 – December 12, 1963). His first wife, Betty Woolf Thornton (April 23, 1887 – September 22, 1932), was re-interred in the Dayton Cemetery. Thornton's first wife, Mary Amelia Glover Thornton, is buried in the Glover Mausoleum at Riverside Cemetery, Demopolis. His third wife, Sarah Williams Gould Gowdy Thornton (June 11, 1824 – August 23, 1885), is buried in the Bethsalem Cemetery, Boligee. See also{{Commons category-inline|Thornhill Plantation}}References1. ^1 {{NRISref|2008a}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/conoff/thornton.html |title=Alabama's Secretary of State: James Innes Thornton |accessdate=24 November 2008 |work=Alabama Department of Archives & History |date=21 August 2007 }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awpnp6/d24.html |title=Thornhill Plantation, Greene County, Alabama. |accessdate=24 November 2008 |work=American Memory Collection|publisher=Library of Congress }} 4. ^{{cite book |title=The journals of Josiah Gorgas, 1857-1878 |last=Wiggins |first=Sarah Woolfolk |year=1995 |publisher=University of Alabama Press |location=Tuscaloosa |isbn=0-585-16196-8}} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/hhh.al0209 |title=Thornhill Plantation, County Road 19, Watsonia, Greene County, AL |accessdate=28 December 2008 |work=Historic American Buildings Survey |publisher=Library of Congress }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://magnolia.cyriv.com/DynamicTree/Cemetery/Search/CmDtl.asp?CID=202|title=Thornhill Plantation Cemetery|date=October 2007|accessdate=2008-12-31|last=Jacobson|first=Kim|publisher=Magnolias and Peaches website}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=A goodly heritage : memories of Greene County |last=Glass |first=Mary Morgan|author2=Greene County Historical Society |year=1977 |publisher=Josten's |location=Clarkesville, Tennessee |oclc=3168829}} External links
10 : National Register of Historic Places in Greene County, Alabama|Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama|Houses completed in 1833|Greek Revival houses in Alabama|Plantation houses in Alabama|William Nichols buildings|Houses in Greene County, Alabama|Historic American Buildings Survey in Alabama|Cotton plantations in the United States|Plantations in Alabama |
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