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词条 Morgan Freeman
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career

     Acting career  Other work 

  3. Personal life

     Beekeeping  Flying  Health  Properties  Religious views  Sexual harassment allegations 

  4. Activism

     Charitable work  Comments on racism  Politics 

  5. Filmography

  6. Awards and honors

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

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| name = Morgan Freeman
| image = Academy Award-winning actor Morgan Freeman narrates for the opening ceremony (26904746425) (cropped) 3.jpg
| caption = Freeman narrating for the opening ceremony to the 2016 Invictus Games in Orlando, Florida
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1937|6|1|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Jeanette Adair Bradshaw|1967|1979|end=div}}|{{marriage|Myrna Colley-Lee
|1984|2010|end=div}}}}
| occupation = Actor, film director, film narrator, philanthropist
| years_active = 1964–present
| module2 =
{{Listen| embed=yes
| filename = Morgan freeman bbc radio4 film programme 12 09 2008 b00dbcdn.flac|title =
Morgan Freeman's voice
|type = speech |description =
from BBC Radio 4's The Film Programme, September 12, 2008.[1]
}}

| children = 4, including Alfonso Freeman | module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| allegiance = {{Nowrap|{{Flagu|United States|name=United States of America|1912|size=23px}}}}
| branch = {{flag|United States Air Force|size=23px}}
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Morgan Freeman[2] (born June 1, 1937)[3] is an American actor, film director, film narrator, and philanthropist. Freeman won an Academy Award in 2005 for Best Supporting Actor with Million Dollar Baby (2004), and he has received Oscar nominations for his performances in Street Smart (1987), Driving Miss Daisy (1989), The Shawshank Redemption (1994), and Invictus (2009). He has also won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award.

Freeman has appeared in many other box office hits, including Glory (1989), Prince of Thieves (1991), Seven (1995), Deep Impact (1998), The Sum of All Fears (2002), Bruce Almighty (2003), The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005–2012), Wanted (2008), RED (2010), Now You See Me (2013), The Lego Movie (2014), and Lucy (2014). He rose to fame as part of the cast of the 1970s children's program The Electric Company. Noted for his deep voice,[4] Freeman has served as a narrator, commentator, and voice actor for numerous programs, series and television shows.[5] He is ranked as the fifth-highest box office star{{since when|date=March 2019}} with $4.31 billion in total box office grosses, an average of $74.4 million per film.[6]

Early life and education

Morgan Freeman was born on June 1, 1937 in Memphis, Tennessee. He is the son of Mayme Edna (née Revere; 1912–2000), a teacher,[7] and Morgan Porterfield Freeman,[2] a barber, who died on April 27, 1961. He has three older siblings. According to a DNA analysis, some of his ancestors were from Niger.[7] In 2008, a DNA test suggested that among all of his African ancestors, a little over one-quarter came from the area that stretches from present-day Senegal to Liberia and three-quarters came from the Congo-Angola region.[8] Freeman was sent as an infant to his paternal grandmother in Charleston, Mississippi.[9][10][11] He moved frequently during his childhood, living in Greenwood, Mississippi; Gary, Indiana; and finally Chicago, Illinois.[11] When Freeman was 16 years old, he almost died of pneumonia.[12]

Freeman made his acting debut at age nine, playing the lead role in a school play. He then attended Broad Street High School, a building which serves today as Threadgill Elementary School, in Greenwood, Mississippi.[13] At age 12, he won a statewide drama competition, and while still at Broad Street High School, he performed in a radio show based in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1955, he graduated from Broad Street, but turned down a partial drama scholarship from Jackson State University, opting instead to enlist in the United States Air Force[14] and served as an Automatic Tracking Radar Repairman, rising to the rank of Airman 1st Class.[15]

After four years in the military, he moved to Los Angeles, California, took acting lessons at the Pasadena Playhouse and dancing lessons in San Francisco in the early 1960s, and worked as a transcript clerk at Los Angeles City College.[14]

Career

Acting career

During the early 1960s, Freeman worked as a dancer at the 1964 World's Fair and was a member of the Opera Ring musical theater group in San Francisco. He acted in a touring company version of The Royal Hunt of the Sun, and also appeared as an extra in the 1965 film The Pawnbroker. Freeman made his off-Broadway debut in 1967, opposite Viveca Lindfors in The Nigger Lovers[16] (about the Freedom Riders during the American Civil Rights Movement), before debuting on Broadway in 1968's all-black version of Hello, Dolly! which also starred Pearl Bailey and Cab Calloway.[17]

Although his first credited film appearance was in 1971's Who Says I Can't Ride a Rainbow?, Freeman first became known in the American media through roles on the soap opera Another World and the PBS kids' show The Electric Company[11] (notably as Easy Reader, Mel Mounds the DJ, and Vincent the Vegetable Vampire[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c99NfY7S1aA [clip]]).

Joan Ganz Cooney claims that Freeman hated doing The Electric Company, saying "it was a very unhappy period in his life."[18] Freeman himself admitted in an interview that he never thinks about his tenure with the show, but he acknowledged that, contrary to Cooney’s claims, he was glad to have been a part of it.[19] Since then, Freeman has considered his Street Smart (1987) character Fast Black, rather than any of the characters he played in The Electric Company, to be his breakthrough role.[19][20]

Freeman continued to be involved in theater work and received the Obie Award in 1980 for the title role in Coriolanus. In 1984, he received his second Obie Award for his role as the preacher in The Gospel at Colonus. Freeman also won a Drama Desk Award and a Clarence Derwent Award for his role as a wino in The Mighty Gents. He received his third Obie Award for his role as a chauffeur for a Jewish widow in Driving Miss Daisy, which was adapted for the screen in 1989.[14]

Beginning in the mid-1980s, Freeman began playing prominent supporting roles in feature films, earning him a reputation for depicting wise, fatherly characters.[11] As he gained fame, he went on to bigger roles in films such as the chauffeur Hoke in Driving Miss Daisy, and Sergeant Major Rawlins in Glory (both in 1989).[11] In 1994, he portrayed Red, the redeemed convict in the acclaimed The Shawshank Redemption. In the same year he was a member of the jury at the 44th Berlin International Film Festival.[21]

He also starred in such films as Prince of Thieves, Unforgiven, Seven, and Deep Impact. In 1997, Freeman, together with Lori McCreary, founded the film production company Revelations Entertainment, and the two co-head its sister online film distribution company ClickStar. Freeman also hosts the channel Our Space on ClickStar, with specially crafted film clips in which he shares his love for the sciences, especially space exploration and aeronautics.

After three previous nominations – a Best Supporting Actor nomination for Street Smart, and Best Actor nominations for Driving Miss Daisy and The Shawshank Redemption—he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Million Dollar Baby at the 77th Academy Awards.[11] Freeman is recognized for his distinctive voice, making him a frequent choice for narration. In 2005 alone, he provided narration for two films, War of the Worlds and the Academy Award-winning documentary film March of the Penguins.

Freeman appeared as God in the hit film Bruce Almighty and its sequel, Evan Almighty. He appeared in Christopher Nolan's Dark Knight Trilogy – Batman Begins (2005) and its sequels, The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012) – as Lucius Fox. He starred in Rob Reiner's 2007 film The Bucket List, opposite Jack Nicholson. He teamed with Christopher Walken and William H. Macy for the comedy The Maiden Heist, which was released direct to video due to financial problems with the distribution company. In 2008, Freeman returned to Broadway to co-star with Frances McDormand and Peter Gallagher for a limited engagement of Clifford Odets' play, The Country Girl, directed by Mike Nichols.

Freeman wanted to do a film based on Nelson Mandela for some time. At first he tried to get Mandela's autobiography Long Walk to Freedom adapted into a finished script, but it was not finalized.[22] In 2007, he purchased the film rights to a book by John Carlin, Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation.[23] Clint Eastwood directed the Nelson Mandela bio-pic titled Invictus, starring Freeman as Mandela and Matt Damon as rugby team captain Francois Pienaar.[24]

In 2010, Freeman co-starred alongside Bruce Willis in Red.[25]

In 2011, Freeman was featured with John Lithgow in the Broadway debut of Dustin Lance Black's play, 8, a staged reenactment of Perry v. Brown, the federal trial that overturned California's Proposition 8 ban on same-sex marriage. Freeman played Attorney David Boies.[26] The production was held at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in New York City to raise money for the American Foundation for Equal Rights.[27][28]

In 2013, Freeman appeared in the action-thriller Olympus Has Fallen, the science fiction drama Oblivion, and the comedy Last Vegas. In 2014, he co-starred in the action film Lucy. In 2015, Freeman played the Chief Justice of the United States in the season two premiere of Madam Secretary (Freeman is also one of the series' executive producers).

Other work

Freeman made his directorial debut in 1993 with Bopha! for Paramount Pictures.

In July 2009, Freeman was one of the presenters at the 46664 Concert celebrating Nelson Mandela's birthday at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

Effective January 4, 2010, Freeman replaced Walter Cronkite as the voiceover introduction to the CBS Evening News featuring Katie Couric as news anchor.[29] CBS cited the need for consistency in introductions for regular news broadcasts and special reports as the basis for the change.[29] {{As of|2010}}, Freeman is the host and narrator of the Discovery Channel television show, focused on physics outreach, Through the Wormhole.[30] He was featured on the opening track to B.o.B's second album Strange Clouds. The track "Bombs Away" features a prologue and epilogue (which leads into a musical outro) spoken by Freeman.

In 2015, Freeman directed "The Show Must Go On", the season two premiere of Madam Secretary. In 2017, he hosted The Story of Us with Morgan Freeman.

Personal life

From his early life, Freeman has two extramarital children; one of them is Alfonso Freeman.[31]

Freeman was married to Jeanette Adair Bradshaw from October 22, 1967, until November 18, 1979.[32]

Freeman married Myrna Colley-Lee on June 16, 1984.[32] The couple separated in December 2007[45] and divorced on September 15, 2010.[33] Freeman and Colley-Lee adopted Freeman's stepgranddaughter from his first marriage, E'dena Hines, and raised her together.[34] On August 16, 2015, Hines was murdered in New York City at age 33.[35]

In 2008, the TV series African American Lives 2 revealed that some of Freeman's great-great-grandparents were slaves who migrated from North Carolina to Mississippi. Freeman discovered that his Caucasian maternal great-great-grandfather had lived with, and was buried beside, Freeman's African-American great-great-grandmother (in the segregated South, the two could not marry legally at the time).[36] A DNA test on the series stated that he is descended in part from the Songhai and Tuareg peoples of Niger.[7]

Beekeeping

After becoming concerned with the decline of honeybees, Freeman decided to turn his 124-acre ranch into a sanctuary for them in July 2014, starting with 26 bee hives.[37]

Flying

At age 65, Freeman earned a private pilot's license.[38] He owns or has owned at least three private aircraft, including a Cessna Citation 501 jet and a Cessna 414 twin-engine prop. In 2007, he purchased an Emivest SJ30[39] long-range private jet and took delivery in December 2009.[40] He is certified to fly all of them.[41]

Health

Freeman was injured in an automobile accident near Ruleville, Mississippi, on the night of August 3, 2008. The vehicle in which he was traveling, a 1997 Nissan Maxima, left the highway and flipped over several times. He and a female passenger, Demaris Meyer, were rescued from the vehicle using the "Jaws of Life". Freeman was taken via medical helicopter to The Regional Medical Center (The Med) hospital in Memphis.[42][43] Police ruled out alcohol as a factor in the crash.[44] Freeman was coherent following the crash, as he joked with a photographer about taking his picture at the scene.[45] His left shoulder, arm, and elbow were broken in the crash, and he had surgery on August 5, 2008. Doctors operated for four hours to repair nerve damage in his shoulder and arm.[46] On CNN's Piers Morgan Tonight he stated that he is left handed but cannot move the fingers of his left hand. He wears a compression glove to protect against blood pooling due to non-movement. His publicist announced he was expected to make a full recovery.[47] Meyer, his passenger, sued him for negligence, claiming that he was drinking the night of the accident. Subsequently, the suit was settled for an undisclosed amount.[48]

Properties

Freeman lives in Charleston, Mississippi, and New York City. He owns and operates Ground Zero, a blues club in Clarksdale, Mississippi. He formerly co-owned Madidi, a fine dining restaurant, also in Clarksdale.[49]

Religious views

In a 2012 interview with TheWrap, Freeman was asked if he considered himself atheist or agnostic. He replied, "It's a hard question because as I said at the start, I think we invented God. So if I believe in God, and I do, it's because I think I'm God."[50] Freeman later said that his experience working on The Story of God with Morgan Freeman did not change his views on religion.[51]

Sexual harassment allegations

On May 24, 2018, CNN reported the results of an investigation during which eight women accused Freeman of sexually harassing them, and eight other people said they witnessed his inappropriate behavior on the set of movies, while promoting his movies, or at his production company.[52] After the CNN story broke, Freeman issued an apology, stating "Anyone who knows me or has worked with me knows I am not someone who would intentionally offend or knowingly make anyone feel uneasy. I apologize to anyone who felt uncomfortable or disrespected—that was never my intent."[53][54] CNN also made several requests to the spokesperson for Lori McCreary, Freeman's business partner, but no comment was given.[55] As a result of the sexual harassment allegations, the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) reviewed what action, if any, to take against Freeman, as Freeman was recognized with a lifetime achievement award by SAG.[56][57] In September 2018, SAG confirmed that Freeman could retain his award.[58]

Activism

Charitable work

In 2004, Freeman and others formed the Grenada Relief Fund to aid people affected by Hurricane Ivan on the island of Grenada. The fund has since become PLANIT NOW, an organization that seeks to provide preparedness resources for people living in areas afflicted by hurricanes and severe storms.[59] Freeman has worked on narrating small clips for global organizations, such as One Earth,[60] whose goals include raising awareness of environmental issues. He has narrated the clip "Why Are We Here”, which can be viewed on One Earth's website. Freeman has donated money to the Mississippi Horse Park in Starkville, Mississippi. The park is part of Mississippi State University and Freeman has several horses that he takes there.[61]

Comments on racism

In 2005, Freeman criticized the celebration of Black History Month, saying, "I don't want a black history month. Black history is American history."[76] He opined that the only way to end racism is to stop talking about it, and he noted that there is no "white history month."[62] Freeman once said in an interview with 60 Minutes{{'}}s Mike Wallace, "I am going to stop calling you a white man and I'm going to ask you to stop calling me a black man."[62][63] Freeman supported the defeated proposal to change the Mississippi state flag, which contains the Confederate battle flag.[64][65] Freeman sparked controversy in 2011 when, on CNN's Piers Morgan Tonight, he accused the Tea Party movement of racism.[66][67][68]

In reaction to the death of Freddie Gray and the 2015 Baltimore protests, Freeman said he was "absolutely" supportive of the protesters. "That unrest [in Baltimore] has nothing to do with terrorism at all, except the terrorism we suffer from the police. [...] Because of the technology—everybody has a smartphone—now we can see what the police are doing. We can show the world, Look, this is what happened in that situation. So why are so many people dying in police custody? And why are they all black? And why are all the police killing them white? What is that? The police have always said, 'I feared for my safety.' Well, now we know. OK. You feared for your safety while a guy was running away from you, right?"[69]

Politics

Freeman endorsed Barack Obama's candidacy for the 2008 presidential election, although he stated that he would not join Obama's campaign.[70] He narrated for The Hall of Presidents with Obama, when he was added to the exhibit.[71][72] The Hall of Presidents re-opened on July 4, 2009, at Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida.[72] Freeman joined President Bill Clinton, USA Bid Committee Chairman Sunil Gulati, and USMNT midfielder Landon Donovan on December 1, 2010, in Zurich for the U.S. bid committee's final presentation to FIFA for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[73] On day four of the 2016 Democratic National Convention, Morgan Freeman provided the voiceover for the video introduction of Democratic Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.[74][75]

On September 19, 2017, Freeman featured in a video by the Committee to Investigate Russia group.[76] In the video, Freeman declared "we are at war" with Russia.[77] In April 2018, Freeman met with Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.[78]

Filmography

{{main|Morgan Freeman on screen and stage}}{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • Brubaker (1980)
  • Marie (1985)
  • That Was Then... This Is Now (1985)
  • Street Smart (1987)
  • Glory (1989)
  • Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
  • Lean on Me (1989)
  • Johnny Handsome (1989)
  • Prince of Thieves (1991)
  • Unforgiven (1992)
  • The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
  • Outbreak (1995)
  • Seven (1995)
  • Chain Reaction (1996)
  • Moll Flanders (1996)
  • Amistad (1997)
  • Kiss the Girls (1997)
  • Deep Impact (1998)
  • Nurse Betty (2000)
  • Along Came a Spider (2001)
  • The Sum of All Fears (2002)
  • High Crimes (2002)
  • Bruce Almighty (2003)
  • Million Dollar Baby (2004)
  • Unleashed (2005)
  • An Unfinished Life (2005)
  • Batman Begins (2005)
  • Lucky Number Slevin (2006)
  • 10 Items or Less (2006)
  • Evan Almighty (2007)
  • Gone, Baby, Gone (2007)
  • The Bucket List (2007)
  • Feast of Love (2007)
  • Wanted (2008)
  • The Dark Knight (2008)
  • Invictus (2009)
  • RED (2010)
  • Dolphin Tale (2011)
  • The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
  • The Magic of Belle Isle (2012)
  • Olympus Has Fallen (2013)
  • Oblivion (2013)
  • Now You See Me (2013)
  • Last Vegas (2013)
  • The Lego Movie (2014)
  • Transcendence (2014)
  • Lucy (2014)
  • Dolphin Tale 2 (2014)
  • 5 Flights Up (2014)
  • Momentum (2015)
  • Ted 2 (2015)
  • London Has Fallen (2016)
  • Now You See Me 2 (2016)
  • Going In Style (2017)
  • Just Getting Started (2017)
  • The Nutcracker and the Four Realms (2018)
  • Angel Has Fallen (2019)
{{div col end}}

Awards and honors

{{main|List of awards and nominations received by Morgan Freeman}}

Morgan Freeman has been nominated for an Academy Award and the Golden Globe Award five different times, each time for the same film for each award. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor on Million Dollar Baby, and the Golden Globe for Best Actor with Driving Miss Daisy. Likewise, he has four Screen Actors Guild Award (SAG) nominations, and one win for Million Dollar Baby.

On October 28, 2006, Freeman was honored at the first Mississippi's Best Awards in Jackson, Mississippi, with the Lifetime Achievement Award for his works on and off the big screen. He received an honorary degree of Doctor of Arts and Letters from Delta State University during the school's commencement exercises on May 13, 2006.[79] In 2013, Boston University presented him with an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters.[80] On November 12, 2014, he was bestowed the honor of Freedom of the City by the City of London.[81]

In August 2017, he was named the 54th recipient of the SAG Life Achievement award for career achievement and humanitarian accomplishment.[82]

See also

  • African Americans in Mississippi
{{Portal bar|Biography|Film in the United States|Television in the United States|African American}}

References

1. ^{{cite episode | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00dbcdn | title=12/09/2008 | date=September 12, 2008 | accessdate=January 18, 2014 | series=The Film Programme | station=BBC Radio 4}}
2. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=l74eAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22+my+father+was+Morgan+Porterfield+Freeman%2C+but+they+forgot+to+give+me+a+middle+name%22&q=Morgan+Porterfield+Freeman Interview (archived via Google Books)], The New Yorker, July 3, 1978. Freeman: "[My grandmother] had been married to Morgan Herbert Freeman, and my father was Morgan Porterfield Freeman, but they forgot to give me a middle name."
3. ^{{cite web|last1=Steinbeiser|first1=Andrew|title=Happy Birthday! Morgan Freeman Turns 78 Today|url=http://comicbook.com/2015/06/01/happy-birthday-morgan-freeman-turns-78-today/|website=ComicBook.com|publisher=ComicBook.com|accessdate=1 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150601154434/http://comicbook.com/2015/06/01/happy-birthday-morgan-freeman-turns-78-today/|archivedate=June 1, 2015 |date=1 June 2015}}
4. ^{{Cite news|first=Joseph|last=Loftus|url=https://www.unilad.co.uk/film/morgan-freeman-voted-most-iconic-voice-of-all-time/|title=Morgan Freeman Voted 'Most Iconic Voice' Of All Time|work=UNILAD|date=February 9, 2018|access-date=April 17, 2018}}
5. ^{{Cite web|first=Mandy|last=Oaklander|url=http://time.com/4233926/morgan-freeman-voice-waze-science/|title=Science Explains Why You Love Morgan Freeman's Voice|work=Time|publisher=Meredith Corporation|location=New York City|date=February 23, 2016|access-date=April 17, 2018}}
6. ^"People Index." Box Office Mojo.
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.prweb.com/releases/2008/11/prweb1673564.htm|title=Growing Interest in DNA-Based Genetic Testing Among African American with Historic Election of President Elect Barack Obama|date=November 27, 2008|work=PRWeb|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web|url = https://books.google.be/books?id=0cralRa6tlYC&pg=PA77&dq=morgan+freeman+three+quarters&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja3oWkqcncAhVGzaQKHdo4BZIQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=morgan%20freeman%20three%20quarters&f=false|title = In Search of Our Roots: How 19 Extraordinary African Americans Reclaimed Their Past|year = 2009|last = Gates, Jr.|first = Henry L.}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/24/Morgan-Freeman.html|title=Morgan Freeman Biography (1937–)|website=FilmReference.com}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://us.hellomagazine.com/profiles/morgan-freeman/|title=Profiles: Morgan Freeman|work=Hello|publisher=Hello Ltd.|location=London, England}}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite episode |title=Morgan Freeman |series=Inside the Actors Studio ||network=Bravo |date=January 2, 2005|season=11|number=10|last=Lipton |first=James (host)}}
12. ^{{cite web|first=Antonia|last=Blumberg|title=Morgan Freeman Explains How God Can Be Real And An Invention|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-story-of-god-with-morgan-freeman-miracles_us_572a3535e4b096e9f08ff85e|work=The Huffington Post|publisher=Huffington Post Media Group|location=New York City|date=May 5, 2016|accessdate=March 23, 2017}}
13. ^[https://movies.nytimes.com/person/90514/Morgan-Freeman/biography "Morgan Freeman: Full Biography,"] All Movie Guide, via The New York Times.. Retrieved October 9, 2012.
14. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Freeman, Morgan|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3444700497.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116072604/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3444700497.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=November 16, 2012 |first=Sabrina|last=Fuchs|publisher= Thomson Gale |work = Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History {{Subscription required|via=HighBeam Research}}|accessdate=September 8, 2012|date=January 1, 2006}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://airforce.togetherweserved.com/profile/119477|title=TogetherWeServed – A1C Morgan Porterfield Freeman|work=togetherweserved.com|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
16. ^Morgan Freeman Biography {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403125911/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/morgan_freeman_biog/3 |date=April 3, 2007 }}. tiscali.co.uk
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.masterworksbroadway.com/music/hello-dolly-1967-broadway-cast/ |title=HELLO, DOLLY! (1967 BROADWAY CAST) |publisher=Sony Music Entertainment |accessdate=2018-05-24 }}
18. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOAXUuT205s|title=Joan Ganz Cooney discusses the beginnings of "The Electric Company"- EMMYTVLEGENDS|date=October 21, 2011|work=YouTube|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
19. ^1 {{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JezWgZV7P6A|title=Morgan Freeman talks 'Street Smart', winning an Oscar and reveals that acting isn't hard|date=August 21, 2014|work=YouTube|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
20. ^{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIno3CaFjPg|title=Morgan Freeman Talks About His Big Career Break|date=April 7, 2011|work=YouTube|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
21. ^{{cite web |title=Berlinale: 1994 Juries |url=http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1994/04_jury_1994/04_Jury_1994.html |accessdate=June 9, 2011 |website=berlinale.de}}
22. ^{{cite news|first=Andrew|last=Gumbel|title=Morgan Freeman to play Mandela in new film|work=The Independent|publisher=Independent Print Ltd.|date=September 26, 2007}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=Morgan Freeman talks about making 'Invictus' and playing Mandela|url=https://thegrio.com/2009/12/12/morgan-freeman-talks-about-making-invictus-and-playing-mandela/|website=TheGrio|publisher=Entertainment Studios|location=Los Angeles, California|date=December 12, 2012|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
24. ^{{cite news|first=Bill|last=Keller|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/books/review/Keller-t.html|title=Entering the Scrum|work=The New York Times Book Review|publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=August 17, 2008|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/07/19/morgan-freeman-joins-the-big-screen-adaptation-of-warren-ellis%e2%80%99-red/|title=Morgan Freeman Joins The Big Screen Adaptation of Warren Ellis' Red|website=/Film|date=July 19, 2009|accessdate=January 19, 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909182923/http://www.slashfilm.com/2009/07/19/morgan-freeman-joins-the-big-screen-adaptation-of-warren-ellis%E2%80%99-red/|archive-date=September 9, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
26. ^{{cite news |first=Debra|last=Cassens Weiss|title=Proposition 8 Play Features Morgan Freeman and John Lithgow as Litigators Boies and Olson |url=http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/proposition_8_play_features_morgan_freeman_and_john_lithgow_as_litigators_b/|work=ABA Journal|publisher=American Bar Association|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=September 20, 2011|accessdate=March 17, 2012}}
27. ^{{cite web|title="8": A Play about the Fight for Marriage Equality|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlUG8F9uVgM| website= YouTube| accessdate= March 18, 2012}}
28. ^{{cite news|first=Stephen|last=Gray|title=YouTube to broadcast Proposition 8 play live|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/03/01/youtube-to-broadcast-proposition-8-play-live/|work=Pink News|publisher=PinkNews Media Group|location=London, England|date=March 1, 2012|accessdate= March 18, 2012}}
29. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2010/01/05/freeman_replaces_cronkite_on_cbs_news/ |title=Freeman replaces Cronkite on CBS news |work=Boston Globe |publisher=Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC|location=Boston, Massachusetts|date=January 5, 2010 |accessdate=January 5, 2010}}
30. ^{{cite web | url = http://science.discovery.com/tv/through-the-wormhole/ |website=discovery.com | publisher = Discovery Channel | title = Through the Wormhole}}
31. ^{{cite web|last=Bowles|first=Scott|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2007-12-18-morgan-freeman_N.htm|title=Morgan Freeman remains at the helm in movies, personal life|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Company|location=McLean, Virginia|date=December 19, 2007|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
32. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/30/us/morgan-freeman-fast-facts|title=Morgan Freeman Fast Facts|work=CNN|location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=May 30, 2013|accessdate=August 18, 2015}}
33. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/morgan-freeman-wife-myrna-colley-lee-finalize-divorce-26-years-marriage-article-1.443936|title=Morgan Freeman and wife Myrna Colley-Lee finalize divorce after 26 years of marriage|work=New York Daily News|publisher=Tronc|location=New York City|date=September 17, 2010|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}
34. ^{{cite web|first=Katy|last=Hall|title=E'Dena Hines, Morgan Freeman's Step-Granddaughter: Also His Lover?|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/07/10/edena-hines-morgan-freema_n_229070.html|work=The Huffington Post|publisher=Huffington Post Media Group|location=New York City|date=October 8, 2009|accessdate=March 11, 2015}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2015/08/16/washington-heights-fatal-stabbing|title=Morgan Freeman's Step-Granddaughter Found Stabbed To Death In Washington Heights 'Exorcism'|website=newyork.cbslocal.com |publisher=CBS New York|location=New York City|date=August 16, 2015|accessdate=August 17, 2015}}
36. ^1 {{cite web|title=Morgan Freeman profile|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/aalives/profiles/freeman.html|work=African American Lives 2|publisher=PBS|accessdate=July 13, 2011}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mnn.com/lifestyle/arts-culture/blogs/morgan-freeman-is-now-a-beekeeper|title=Morgan Freeman is now a beekeeper|last=d'Estries|first=Michael|date=July 25, 2014|website=MSN}}
38. ^{{cite news|first=Amy|last=Harrington|url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2009/11/20/celebrities-fly-friendly-skies.html|title=Celebrity Pilots Flying the Friendly Skies|work=Fox News|publisher=News Corp.|location=New York City|date=November 20, 2009|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
39. ^Article, SJ30jet.com {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927150516/http://www.sj30jet.com/news9-details.php |date=September 27, 2011 }}
40. ^{{cite web|first=Namrata|last=Dixit| title=Morgan Freeman purchases the SJ30 private jet for $7 million | url= http://www.luxurylaunches.com/celebrities/morgan_freeman_purchases_the_sj30_private_jet_for_7million.php |website= Luxury Launches |date=December 23, 2009 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}
41. ^{{cite interview|url=http://www.ameinfo.com/219604.html |title=Morgan Freeman buys Emivest SJ30 jet from Dubai manufacturer |interviewer=Blizzard, Phil |first=Morgan |last=Freeman |website=Ameinfo |date=December 24, 2009 |accessdate=January 27, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112185245/http://www.ameinfo.com/219604.html |archivedate=January 12, 2012 |df= }}
42. ^{{cite news|first=Matt |last=Webb Mitovich |title=Morgan Freeman in Car Accident, Listed in Serious Condition |url=http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-News-Blog/Todays-News/Morgan-Freeman-Car/800044492 |work=TV Guide |publisher=CBS Interactive|location=New York City|date=August 4, 2008 |accessdate=August 4, 2008| deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805225859/http://community.tvguide.com/blog-entry/TVGuide-News-Blog/Todays-News/Morgan-Freeman-Car/800044492 |archivedate=August 5, 2008 |df= }}
43. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7541667.stm|title=Freeman injured in car accident|date=August 4, 2008 |work=BBC News|accessdate=August 4, 2008}}
44. ^{{cite news|title=Actor Morgan Freeman badly injured in crash|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2008/0804/breaking54.htm|work=The Irish Times|publisher=Irish Times Trust|location=Dublin, Ireland|date=August 4, 2008|accessdate=August 4, 2008}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7541667.stm|title=Morgan Freeman hurt in car crash|date=August 4, 2008|work=BBC News|accessdate=August 4, 2008}}
46. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7542208.stm|title=Freeman recovering after surgery|work=BBC News|date=August 5, 2008|accessdate=January 27, 2012}}
47. ^{{cite news|first=James|last=Horn|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-et-freeman5-2008aug05,0,5752402.story|title=Morgan Freeman 'in good spirits' after accident|date=August 5, 2008|work=Los Angeles Times|publisher=Tronc|location=Los Angeles, California|accessdate=August 5, 2008}}
48. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2009-11-05-freeman_N.htm|title=Records: Freeman settles suit on car wreck|date=November 5, 2009|work=USA Today|publisher=Gannett Company|location=McLean, Virginia|accessdate=August 27, 2012}}
49. ^{{cite news| url=http://thegrio.com/2012/02/29/morgan-freeman-closing-madidi-restaurant-in-mississippi/| accessdate=2014-05-31|website=thegrio.com |date=29 Feb 2012| title=Morgan Freeman closing Madidi Restaurant in Mississippi}}
50. ^{{cite web|last=Molloy|first=Tim|url=http://www.thewrap.com/morgan-freeman-inventing-god-aliens-eating-us-and-his-odds-surviving-dark-knight-rises-42886/|title=Morgan Freeman on Inventing God, Aliens Eating Us and His Survival Odds in ‘Dark Knight Rises’|website=TheWrap|publisher=The Wrap News Inc.|location=Los Angeles, California|date=June 6, 2012|accessdate=January 8, 2016}}
51. ^{{cite web|first=Stoyan|last=Zaimov|title=Morgan Freeman Says 'Story of God' Journey Didn't Change His Views on Religion|url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/morgan-freeman-story-of-god-journey-didnt-change-his-views-on-religion-163592/|work=The Christian Post|publisher=Christian Media Corp|location=Washington DC|date=May 9, 2016|accessdate=April 4, 2017}}
52. ^{{cite news|first1=An|last1=Phung|first2=Chloe|last2=Melas|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/24/entertainment/morgan-freeman-accusations/index.html|title=Women accuse Morgan Freeman of inappropriate behavior, harassment|publisher=CNN|location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=May 24, 2018|accessdate=May 24, 2018}}
53. ^{{cite news |first=Anita|last=Busch |url=http://deadline.com/2018/05/morgan-freeman-response-harassment-inappropriate-behavior-accusations-1202397374/ |title=Morgan Freeman On Accusations: "I Apologize To Anyone Who Felt Uncomfortable Or Disrespected" |work=Deadline Hollywood |publisher=Penske Business Media, LLC |location=Los Angeles, California|date=May 24, 2018|accessdate=May 24, 2018 }}
54. ^{{cite news|first1=Mike|last1=Miller|url=https://people.com/movies/morgan-freeman-devastated-reports-sexual-harassment-i-did-not-assault-women/ |title=Morgan Freeman 'Devastated' by Reports of Sexual Harassment: 'I Did Not Assault Women' |work=People|publisher=Meredith Corporation|location=New York City|date=May 26, 2018|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
55. ^{{Cite news|first1=An|last1=Phung|first2=Chloe|last2=Melas|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/24/entertainment/morgan-freeman-accusations/index.html|title=Women accuse Morgan Freeman of inappropriate behavior, harassment|work=CNN|location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=May 25, 2018|access-date=May 26, 2018}}
56. ^{{Cite news|first=Sandra| last=Gonzalez|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/24/entertainment/morgan-freeman-sag-award/index.html|title=SAG 'reviewing' Morgan Freeman lifetime achievement honor|work=CNN|location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=May 24, 2018|access-date=May 26, 2018}}
57. ^{{cite web|first=Mike, Jr.|last=Fleming|url=http://deadline.com/2018/05/morgan-freeman-cnn-lawyer-seeks-retraction-sex-harass-allegations-1202398973/|title=Morgan Freeman's Attorney Wants Retraction From CNN After Sex Harass Exposé|work=Deadline Hollywood|publisher=Penske Media Corporation|location=Los Angeles, California|date=May 29, 2018|accessdate=May 5, 2018}}
58. ^{{cite web|last=Deb|first=Sopan|title=Screen Actors Guild Lets Morgan Freeman Keep Achievement Award|date=6 September 2018|publisher=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/06/arts/morgan-freeman-sag-aftra.html|accessdate=16 September 2018}}
59. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.planitnow.org/explore01.php| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080508190505/http://www.planitnow.org/explore01.php| archivedate= May 8, 2008 |title=PLANIT NOW History |accessdate =August 21, 2008}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oneearth.org |title=ECO |website=OneEarth.org |accessdate= September 5, 2010}}
61. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.msstate.edu/web/maps/pdf/MissStateCampusMap.pdf |format= PDF| title= Mississippi State Campus Map| accessdate= August 5, 2008}}
62. ^1 2 {{cite web|first=Isabelle|last=Khoo|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2017/02/10/morgan-freeman-black-history-month_n_14642958.html |title=Morgan Freeman Calls Black History Month 'Ridiculous' In Throwback Video |website=Huffington Post|publisher=Huffington Post Media Group |location=New York City|date=February 10, 2017 |accessdate=May 5, 2018}}
63. ^A verbatim transcript of this segment of the Mike Wallace interview where Morgan Freeman suggests the abandonment of language that reinforces racism, is posted at the Snopes web site.
64. ^{{cite news|first= David | last= Firestone| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/18/us/mississippi-votes-wide-margin-keep-state-flag-that-includes-confederate-emblem.html |title=Mississippi Votes by wide margin to keep state flag That includes Confederate emblem|work=The New York Times|publisher=New York Times Company|location=New York City|date=April 18, 2001|accessdate=April 2, 2008}}
65. ^{{cite news|first=Carol|last=Kopp|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/12/14/60minutes/main1127684.shtml|title=Morgan Freeman defies labels |website=cbsnews.com |publisher=CBS News| date= December 18, 2005| accessdate=April 2, 2008}}
66. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/morgan-freeman-sparks-outcry-tea-party-racist-239872 |title=Morgan Freeman Sparks Outcry After Calling Tea Party Racist |work=The Hollywood Reporter |publisher=Eldridge Industries|location=Los Angeles, California|date=September 24, 2011 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}
67. ^{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2011/09/24/morgan-freeman-calls-tea-party-racist/ |title=Morgan Freeman Calls Tea Party 'Racist' (Video) |work=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company|location=New York City|date=September 24, 2011 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}
68. ^{{cite news|first=David|last=Jackson|url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/09/obama-backer-attacks-rooted-in-race/1 |title=Obama backer: Some attacks are 'a racist thing' |work=USA Today |publisher=Gannett Company|location=McLean, Virginia|date=September 25, 2011 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}
69. ^{{cite news|first=Zach|last=Schonfeld|url=http://www.newsweek.com/morgan-freeman-baltimore-and-terrorism-we-suffer-police-327300|title=Morgan Freeman on Baltimore and the ‘Terrorism We Suffer From the Police’|work=Newsweek|publisher=IBT Media|location=New York City|date=April 30, 2015|accessdate=August 17, 2015}}
70. ^{{cite news |first= Eleanor | last= Clift |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/81393 |title= Freeman, Obama and Hollywood immortality |work=Newsweek |publisher=IBT Media|location=New York City|date=December 21, 2007| accessdate= April 2, 2008}}
71. ^{{cite web|title=Hall of Presidents |url=http://www.wdwradio.com/Liberty-Square/Hall-of-Presidents.html |website=wdwradio.com |publisher=WDW Radio |date=September 16, 2007 |accessdate=December 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629183915/http://www.wdwradio.com/Liberty-Square/Hall-of-Presidents.html |archivedate=June 29, 2009 }}
72. ^1 {{cite news|first=Dewayne|last=Bevil|url=http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/orl-asecdisney-hall-of-presidents-06062909jun29,0,1439332.story|title=Hail to the chief: Obama makes Disney debut at Hall of Presidents|work=Orlando Sentinel|publisher=Tronc|location=Orlando, Florida|date=June 29, 2009|deadurl=yes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210032942/http://www.orlandosentinel.com/travel/attractions/orl-asecdisney-hall-of-presidents-06062909jun29,0,1439332.story |archivedate=February 10, 2010}}
73. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gousabid.com/blog/entry/morgan-freeman-joins-bid-committee-in-zurich/ |title=Gousabid |website=Gousabid |accessdate=January 27, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203011448/http://www.gousabid.com/blog/entry/morgan-freeman-joins-bid-committee-in-zurich/|archivedate=December 3, 2010 }}{{verify source|date=January 2018}}
74. ^{{cite news|first=Gerrad|last=Hill|title=Morgan Freeman narrated Hillary Clinton’s DNC video, and Twitter loved it|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/28/dnc-morgan-freeman-hillary-clinton-dnc-video-twitter|work=Entertainment Weekly|publisher=Meredith Corporation|location=New York City|date=July 28, 2016|accessdate=August 1, 2016}}
75. ^{{cite news|first=Keely|last=Lockhart|title=Even God backs Hillary: Morgan Freeman narrates biographical movie for Clinton campaign|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/29/even-god-backs-hillary-morgan-freeman-narrates-biographical-movi/|work=The Telegraph |publisher=Telegraph Media Group|location=London, England|date=July 29, 2016|accessdate=August 1, 2016}}
76. ^{{cite web|first=Rory|last=Challands|title=US actor Morgan Freeman's cameo against Russia draws criticism|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/09/actor-morgan-freemans-cameo-russia-draws-criticism-170922060331327.html|work=Al Jazeera|location=London, England|date=22 September 2017|accessdate=26 May 2018}}
77. ^{{cite web|first=Stephen F.|last=Cohen|authorlink=Stephen F. Cohen|title=Do Liberal Democrats Want War With Russia?|url=https://www.thenation.com/article/do-liberal-democrats-want-war-with-russia/|work=The Nation|publisher=The Nation Company, L.P.|location=New York City|date=September 27, 2017|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
78. ^{{cite web|first=Tim|last=Arango|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/saudi-prince-mohammed-us-tour-hollywood-harvard-silicon-valley-dwayne-johnson-rupert-murdoch-oprah-a8293456.html|title=Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman toured Hollywood, Harvard and Silicon Valley on US visit|work=The Independent|publisher=Independent Print Ltd.|location=London, England|date=April 7, 2018|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}
79. ^Morgan Freeman biography, superstarbiography.com
80. ^{{cite news|first= John |last= O’Rourke| url= http://www.bu.edu/today/2013/actor-morgan-freeman-to-receive-honorary-degree/ |title= Actor Morgan Freeman to Receive Honorary Degree | work= BU Today | publisher= Boston University|location=Boston, Massachusetts| date= May 15, 2013 | accessdate= June 2, 2013}}
81. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/534712/Morgan-Freeman-honoured-with-freedom-of-London |title=Morgan Freeman honoured with freedom of London |work=Daily Express |publisher=Trinity Mirror |location=London, England|date=November 12, 2014|accessdate=May 9, 2016 }}
82. ^{{cite news|first=Dave|last=McNary|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/awards/morgan-freeman-wins-sag-achievement-award-1202535307/|title=Morgan Freeman to Receive SAG Life Achievement Award|work=Variety|publisher=Condé Nast|location=New York City|date=August 22, 2017|accessdate=May 26, 2018}}

External links

{{Commons category|Morgan Freeman}}{{Wikiquote|Morgan Freeman}}
  • {{Britannica|973066}}
  • {{IMDb name|151}}
  • {{tcmdb name|id=65882|name=Morgan Freeman}}
  • Morgan Freeman at Hollywood Walk of Fame
  • {{IBDB name}}
  • {{iobdb name|5717|Morgan Freeman}}
  • {{Allmovie name|90514}}
  • {{Mojo name|morganfreeman}}
  • [https://charlierose.com/guests/4006 Morgan Freeman] on Charlie Rose
  • {{NYTtopic|people/f/morgan_freeman|Morgan Freeman}}
  • {{Guardian topic}}
  • Revelations Entertainment—Production company co-founded, headed by Morgan Freeman and Lori McCreary
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20060217195229/http://www.tiscali.co.uk/entertainment/film/biographies/morgan_freeman_biog.html A detailed biography of his history as an actor]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090828060511/http://www.movieinformation.com.ar/morganfreemanmovies.php Morgan Freeman movies at Movie Information]
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Morgan Freeman
|list ={{AcademyAwardBestSupportingActor 2001-2020}}{{AFI Life Achievement Award}}{{Cecil B. DeMille Award 2001–2025}}{{Empire Award for Best Actor}}{{Lincoln Center Gala Tribute}}{{GoldenGlobeBestActorMotionPictureMusicalComedy 1981–2000}}{{Independentspiritbestsupportingmale 1987-1999}}{{Kennedy Center Honorees 2000s}}{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Actor of the Year}}{{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor}}{{NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture}}{{National Board of Review Award for Best Actor}}{{National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s}}{{National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor}}{{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor}}{{Screen Actors Guild Lifetime Achievement Award}}{{ScreenActorsGuildAward MaleSupportMotionPicture 2001-2020}}{{Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor}}
}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman, Morgan}}

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