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词条 Tim Peake
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Career

     Military and aeronautical 

  3. In ESA

     Expedition 46/47 

  4. International Space Station partnership and the Nobel Peace Prize

  5. Personal life

  6. Bibliography

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{short description|British Army Air Corps officer and European Space Agency astronaut }}{{EngvarB|date=November 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}{{Infobox astronaut
|name =Tim Peake
|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|CMG}}
|image = Peaketim.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Peake pictured in 2015 prior to the launch of Soyuz TMA-19M
|nationality = British
|status = Active
|birth_name = Timothy Nigel Peake
|birth_place = Chichester, Sussex, England
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1972|04|07}}[1][2]
|occupation = Test pilot
|previous_occupation = British Army officer
|alma_mater = University of Portsmouth (BSc)
|rank = Major
|time = 185 days, 22 hours, 11 minutes
|selection = 2009 ESA Group
|eva1 = 1
|eva2 = 4 hours, 43 minutes
|mission = Soyuz TMA-19M (Expedition 46/47)
|insignia =
|Date of ret =
|awards = Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
|website = {{URL|http://timpeake.esa.int}}
}}

Major Timothy Nigel Peake {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG}} (born 7 April 1972) is a British Army Air Corps officer, European Space Agency astronaut[3] and a former International Space Station (ISS) crew member.

He is the first British ESA astronaut, the second astronaut to bear a flag of the United Kingdom patch (the first was Helen Sharman, who visited Mir as part of Project Juno in 1991), the sixth person born in the United Kingdom to go on board the International Space Station (the first was NASA astronaut Michael Foale in 2003) and the seventh UK-born person in space.[4] He began the ESA's intensive astronaut basic training course in September 2009 and graduated on 22 November 2010.[5]

Early life

Peake was born in Chichester, West Sussex.[2] He studied at the Chichester High School for Boys, leaving in 1990 to attend the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.[6]

Career

Military and aeronautical

Upon graduation from Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Peake received a short-service commission as a second lieutenant in the Army Air Corps on 8 August 1992.[7] He served as a platoon commander with the Royal Green Jackets,[8] and was promoted to lieutenant on 8 August 1994.[9] On 9 July 1997, he transferred to a regular commission, receiving a promotion to captain on 20 August.[10][11]

Peake became a qualified helicopter pilot in 1994 and a qualified helicopter instructor in 1998, graduating from CFS(H) at the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury[12] in Shropshire. Promoted to major on 31 July 2004,[13] he graduated from the Empire Test Pilots School in Wiltshire the following year, and was awarded the Westland's Trophy for best rotary wing student. He then served on Rotary Wing Test and Evaluation Squadron (RWTES) at MOD Boscombe Down completing trials on Apache helicopters.

Peake completed a BSc (Hons) in Flight Dynamics and Evaluation at the University of Portsmouth the following year.[14] Peake left the army in 2009 after 17 years of service and over 3,000 flying hours to his credit, becoming a test pilot with AgustaWestland.[15][16]

In ESA

Peake beat over 9,000 other applicants for one of the six places on the ESA's new astronaut training programme. The selection process included taking academic tests, fitness assessments and several interviews.[17] Peake moved to Cologne with his family for the ESA training.[18]

Peake has become the first British or UK-born person to fly into space without a private contract (Helen Sharman – the first Briton in space[19]) or foreign citizenship (Michael Foale, Gregory H. Johnson, Piers Sellers, Nicholas Patrick,[20] Richard Garriott and Mark Shuttleworth).

As part of his extensive astronaut training in 2011, Peake and five other astronauts joined an international mission, living in and exploring cave systems in Sardinia. This ESA CAVES mission enabled them to study how humans react to living in extreme conditions with complete isolation from the outside world. This expedition gave the team an idea of what they could expect and how they would cope in the confined space of the ISS.[21]

On 16 April 2012, NASA announced that Peake would serve as an aquanaut aboard the Aquarius underwater laboratory during the NEEMO 16 undersea exploration mission, scheduled to begin on 11 June 2012 and last twelve days.[22][23] The NEEMO 16 crew successfully "splashed down" at 11:05 am on 11 June.[24] On the morning of 12 June, Peake and his crewmates officially became aquanauts, having spent over 24 hours underwater.[25] The crew safely returned to the surface on 22 June.[26]

During Expedition 44 Timothy Peake served as a backup astronaut for Soyuz TMA-17M spaceflight.[27][28]

Expedition 46/47

Peake was launched to the International Space Station (ISS), on 15 December 2015, for Expeditions 46 and 47.[29][30] He launched successfully at 11:03 GMT from Baikonur Cosmodrome[31] on board Soyuz TMA-19M. The official website dedicated to his mission is principia.org.uk.[32]

During launch, as per tradition, each cosmonaut was allowed three songs to be played to them. Tim chose Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now", U2's "Beautiful Day" and Coldplay's "A Sky Full of Stars".[33]

During docking, the Kurs docking navigation system failed, and a manual docking was performed by Yuri Malenchenko who was alongside Peake and Tim Kopra. This delayed docking with the ISS by 10 minutes. The Soyuz finally docked with the ISS at 17:33 GMT.[34] Peake received messages of support from the Queen and Elton John, after the successful docking.[35] His first meal at the ISS was a bacon sandwich and a cup of tea.[36]

A new year message by Tim Peake was broadcast by the BBC to celebrate 2016.[37][38]

Peake supported a spacewalk by two American astronauts on 21 December 2015. He participated in the first spacewalk outside the ISS by a British astronaut on 15 January 2016. The purpose of the spacewalk was to replace a faulty sequential shunt unit on the station's solar arrays.[39]

On 24 April 2016, Peake ran the 2016 London Marathon from the ISS treadmill. Peake became the first man to run a marathon from space and the second person to run a marathon from space, after Sunita Williams, who ran the 2007 Boston Marathon from the ISS.[40]

Peake was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to space research and scientific education.[41]

At a special meeting of the Chichester City Council on 17 February 2016, it was agreed unanimously to confer the Freedom of the City upon Peake with the appropriate ceremony after his return later in 2016.[42]

On 18 June 2016, Peake returned to earth from the ISS aboard the descent module of the Soyuz spacecraft that had taken him to the space station in December 2015. The spacecraft landed on the Kazakh steppe in Kazakhstan almost {{convert|300|mi|km|abbr=on|order=flip}} south west of the major city of Karaganda, landing at 09.15 UTC. Peake had completed approximately 3000 orbits of the Earth and had covered a distance of 125 million kilometres (78 million miles).[43]

International Space Station partnership and the Nobel Peace Prize

{{Reduced pull quote|1=right|2=Life up here is absolutely spectacular ... amazing view of Earth ... way beyond my expectation.|3=Tim Peake, during his first news conference from the ISS.[44][45]}}

At the UK National Student Space Conference in early 2014, Peake expressed his support for the initiative to award the International Space Station partnership the Nobel Peace Prize.

"I was delighted to read about the International Space Station and the discussions about it being nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize because … it has been one of the most incredible international partnerships...[The ISS] really has brought many nations together through difficult times, and continues to do so."

Peake noted that with increasing constraints on space programs around the world, collaborative initiatives such as ISS will be necessary for future endeavours. "I think [the ISS] really has to be the model for future space exploration because with budgets becoming more and more constrained, then, really one nation is not going to have the capability to expand exploration out into the solar system, to Mars and beyond. We are going to have to work together on projects."[46]

Personal life

Peake is married to Rebecca, with whom he has two sons, and enjoys climbing, caving, cross-country running and triathlon.[47] When he was younger Peake was Cub Scout and is now an ambassador for the Scout Association in the UK.{{cn|date=December 2018}}

Bibliography

  • Hello, is this planet Earth?: My View from the International Space Station (Century, 2016. {{ISBN|978-1780897158}})
  • Ask an Astronaut: My Guide to Life in Space (Century, 2017. {{ISBN|978-1780898179}})
  • The Astronaut Selection Test Book: Do You Have What it Takes for Space? (Century, 2018. {{ISBN|978-1780899183}})

See also

  • British astronauts

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Astronauts/Timothy_Peake|title=Timothy Peake|publisher=European Space Agency|accessdate=31 August 2016}}
2. ^1 {{Who's Who | surname = PEAKE | othernames = Timothy Nigel | id = U281695 | volume = 2016 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMRO90OWUF_index_0.html|title=ESA prepares for the next ration of human spaceflight and exploration by recruiting a new class of European astronauts|publisher=European Space Agency|date=20 May 2009|accessdate=20 May 2009}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Tim Peake launch: The seven Britons to go to space|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-35103788}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11811658.stm|title=Europe's new astronauts graduate|publisher=BBC News|author=Jonathan Amos|date=22 November 2010|accessdate=22 October 2010}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/article6326500.ece|title=Briton Major Timothy Peake named as Europe's latest astronaut|date=20 May 2009 |publisher=Times Online|accessdate=27 March 2010 | location=London | first1=Charles | last1=Bremner | first2=Mark | last2=Henderson | first3=Hannah | last3=Devlin}}
7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=53087 |date=26 October 1992|page=17984 |supp=y }}
8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/may/20/british-astronaut-european-space-agency-training|title=European Space Agency recruits test pilot as Britain's first official astronaut|date=21 May 2009|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=27 March 2010 | location=London | first=Ian | last=Sample}}
9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=53835 |date=31 October 1994|page=15271 |supp=y }}
10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=55051 |date=23 February 1998|page=2161 |supp=y }}
11. ^{{London Gazette |issue=54893 |date=15 September 1997|page=10459 |supp=y }}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Space ace Tim's early grounding at RAF Shawbury|work=Shropshire Star|date=16 December 2015|page=1}}
13. ^{{London Gazette |issue=57371 |date=3 August 2004|page=9763 |supp=y }}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/esaHS/SEMFEK0OWUF_astronauts_0.html|title=Astronaut biography|date=5 October 2009|accessdate=27 March 2010}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.agustawestland.com/node/3564|title=AgustaWestland Test Pilot Selected For Astronaut Training|date=20 May 2009|publisher=AgustaWestland|accessdate=27 March 2010}}
16. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8059999.stm|title=It's ground control to Major Tim|author=Peter Jackson|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=21 May 2009|date=20 May 2009}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/space/5413169/Britains-first-official-astronaut-Tim-Peake-defends-sending-humans-into-space.html|title=Britain's first official astronaut Tim Peake defends sending humans into space|last=Gray|first=Richard|date=31 May 2009|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=27 March 2010 | location=London}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/mar/23/uk-space-agency-launched|title=Lift-off for new space agency which aims to rocket UK out of recession|last=Sample |first=Ian|date=23 March 2010|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=27 March 2010 | location=London}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm|title=On This Day: 1991: Sharman becomes first Briton in space|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=15 December 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8058601.stm|title=Europe unveils British astronaut|publisher=BBC News|author=Jonathan Amos|date=20 May 2009|accessdate=20 May 2009}}
21. ^{{cite journal |last=Mundell |first=Sam |date=February 2015 |title=Tim Peake ready to become United Kingdom's official ISS resident |url=http://www.rocketstem.org/2015/02/16/tim-peake-ready-to-become-united-kingdoms-official-iss-resident/ |journal=RocketSTEM |publisher= |issue=10 |page=32 }}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/apr/HQ_12-116_NEEMO.html|title=NASA – NASA Announces 16th Undersea Exploration Mission Dates and Crew|author=NASA|date=16 April 2012|publisher=NASA|accessdate=17 April 2012}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.esa.int/astronauts/2012/04/29/neemo-16-in-search-of-an-asteroid/|title=NEEMO 16 – In search of an asteroid|last=Peake|first=Tim|date=29 April 2012|publisher=European Space Agency|accessdate=3 May 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659389main_Topside%20Report-MD01-Final.pdf|title=NEEMO 16 Mission Day 1 – Status Report|author=The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team|date=11 June 2012|publisher=NASA|format=PDF|accessdate=13 June 2012}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/659661main_Topside-Report-MD02-Final.pdf|title=NEEMO 16 Mission Day 2 – Status Report|author=The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team|date=12 June 2012|publisher=NASA|format=PDF|accessdate=13 June 2012}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/662324main_Topside-Report-MD12-Final.pdf|title=NEEMO 16 Mission Day 12 – Status Report|author=The NEEMO Mission Management and Topside Support Team|date=22 June 2012|publisher=NASA|format=PDF|accessdate=11 July 2012}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/expedition-44-backup-crew-members|title=Expedition 44 Backup Crew Members|publisher=NASA|date=15 May 2015|accessdate=21 July 2015}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.americaspace.com/?p=84539|title=All-Civilian Soyuz TMA-17M Crew Ready for Wednesday Launch to Space Station (Part 2)|publisher=America Space|first1=Ben|last1=Evans|date=21 July 2015|accessdate=21 July 2015}}
29. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-32617025 |title=Tim Peake passes final Soyuz exam |work=BBC News |date=6 May 2015 |accessdate=13 December 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.nasa.gov/spacestation/2015/06/09/roscosmos-announces-new-soyuzprogress-launch-dates/?linkId=14819770|title=Roscosmos Announces New Soyuz/Progress Launch Dates|date=9 June 2015|publisher=NASA}}
31. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35101643 |title=Briton Tim Peake blasts off for space |work=BBC News |date=15 December 2015}}
32. ^{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113024546/https://principia.org.uk/|url=http://principia.org.uk|archivedate=13 November 2015|title= Principia|publisher=principia.org.uk}}
33. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/british-iss-astronaut-tim-peake-reveals-blast-off-playlist-music-includes-u2-queen-coldplay-1533131|title=British ISS astronaut Tim Peake reveals blast-off playlist music includes U2, Queen and Coldplay}}
34. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/iss/astronaut-trio-launches-space-station-soyuz-tma-19m/|title=Astronaut trio launches to, docks with space station in Soyuz TMA-19M|work=Spaceflight Insider|first=Derek|last=Richardson|date=15 December 2015|accessdate=15 December 2015}}
35. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35131174|title=Tim Peake: 'Loving every minute' of first days in space|work=BBC News|accessdate=18 December 2015}}
36. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/dec/18/astronaut-tim-peake-first-meal-space-bacon-sandwich|title=Pig in space: astronaut Tim Peake's first meal in orbit was a bacon sandwich |work=The Guardian|date=18 December 2015|accessdate=18 December 2015}}
37. ^{{Cite web|title = Tim Peake's New Year message from International Space Station|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35208482|website = BBC News|accessdate = 1 January 2016}}
38. ^{{Cite web|title = Astronaut Tim Peake says Happy New Year to 'beautiful planet Earth'|url = http://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/astronaut-tim-peake-says-happy-new-year-to-beautiful-planet-earth-11364031385994|website = BT.com|accessdate = 1 January 2016}}
39. ^{{Cite web|title = Tim Peake set for first spacewalk by British astronaut|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35236442|website = BBC News|accessdate = 6 January 2016|first = Paul Rincon Science|last = editor|first2 = BBC News|last2 = website}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-36112137|title=Tim Peake 'runs' London Marathon from space - BBC News|publisher=|accessdate=27 August 2016}}
41. ^{{London Gazette|issue=61608 |supp=y|page=B3|date=11 June 2016}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=Tim Peake honoured by Chichester City Council - BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-35595058|accessdate=12 September 2016}}
43. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-36519886 UK astronaut Tim Peake returns to Earth]
44. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-35131174|title=Tim Peake: Life in space is 'absolutely spectacular|work=BBC News|date=18 December 2015|accessdate=18 December 2015}}
45. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1608428/tim-peake-gives-news-conference-from-space|title=Tim Peake Gives News Conference From Space|work=Sky News|date=18 December 2015|accessdate=18 December 2015}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spacesafetymagazine.com/2014/03/19/astronaut-tim-peake-comments-iss-partnership-nobel-peace-prize/|title=Astronaut Tim Peake Comments on the ISS Partnership and the Nobel Peace Prize|author=Andrew Henry|date=19 March 2014|publisher=Space Safety Magazine|accessdate=19 March 2014}}
47. ^{{cite web|title=Astronaut Biography: Timothy Peake|url=http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/international/english/peake_timothy.htm|accessdate=17 January 2015}}

External links

{{commons category|Timothy Peake|Tim Peake}}
  • Tim Peake ESA website
  • Tim Peake's Principia blog
  • {{facebook|ESATimPeake}}
  • {{twitter|Astro_TimPeake}}
  • {{Flickr image inline link|timpeake}}
  • {{instagram|astro_timpeake}}
{{ESA Astronaut Groups}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Peake, Timothy}}

13 : 1972 births|Alumni of the University of Portsmouth|Aquanauts|British Army Air Corps officers|British astronauts|Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George|Crew members of the International Space Station|English test pilots|ESA astronauts|Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst|Living people|People from Chichester|Royal Green Jackets officers
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