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词条 Moscow Ring Road
释义

  1. History

  2. Route

  3. Gallery

  4. See also

  5. Notes and references

  6. External links

{{redirect|MKAD|the road in Minsk|MKAD (Minsk)}}{{Infobox road
|country= RUS
|name= Moscow Ring Road (MKAD)
Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога
|type=
|route=
|e-road=
|image= MKAD Москва.svg
|length_km= 108.9
|established=1961
|direction_a=
|direction_b=
|terminus_a=
|terminus_b=
|cities= Moscow
|map= {{maplink|type=line|plain=yes|frame=yes|type2=shape-inverse|id2=Q649|stroke2-width=0|stroke-width=3|frame-width=290|frame-height=386|frame-lat=55.68|frame-long=37.49|zoom=9|stroke2-color=#fff|text=Geographical map of Moscow with Central Circle colored in red line.|type3=point|coord3={{coord|55.7768358|37.840}}|title3=0 KM}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes= MKAD on Moscow map[1]
}}

The Moscow Automobile Ring Road ({{lang-ru|Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, Moskovskaya Koltsevaya Avtomobilnaya Doroga}}), or MKAD (МКАД), is a ring road encircling the parts of the City of Moscow, the capital of Russia. The length of the road is {{convert|108.9|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and the number of exits is 35 (including 10 interchanges).

History

The growth of traffic in and around Moscow in the 1950s made the city planners realise Russia's largest metropolis needed a bypass to redirect incoming traffic from major roads that run through the city. Opened in 1961, the MKAD had four lanes of asphalt running 108.9 kilometres along the city borders. Although not yet a freeway, it featured interchanges at major junctions, very few traffic lights and a speed limit of {{convert|100|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.

For a long time the MKAD served as the administrative boundary of Moscow city, until in the 1980s

Moscow started annexing territory outside the beltway. In December 2002 Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo became the first Moscow Metro station that opened beyond the limits of MKAD.[2]

In 1995-1999 the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes, while all intersections became grade-separated, bridges were built to accommodate pedestrians, traffic lights were removed, and a solid concrete barrier was installed in the median. In 2001 all slow-moving vehicles were banned from entering the MKAD and the renovated road received a freeway designation from the mayor's office.

Route

Distance
(approx.)		 Destinations Notes
0 kmM|7}} (Entuziastov shosse) — Nizhny Novgorod
2 kmPobeda ulitsa — Reutov, Ivanovskoe
4 kmKetcherskaya ulitsa, Nosovikhinskoye ulitsa — Balashikha, Elektrougli
7 kmMoldagulovoy ulitsa, Novoukhtomskoe shosse
8 kmRyazansky prospekt, Lermontovsky prospekt — Lyubertsy
11 kmM|5}} (Volgogradsky prospekt, Novoryazanskoye shosse) — Bykovo Airport, Ryazan
14 kmVerkhniye Polya ulitsa — Kotelniki
16 kmEnergetikov ulitsa, Kapotnya ulitsa — Dzerzhinsky, Kapotnya
20 kmBesedinskoe shosse — Besedy
24 kmKashira Highway
27 kmM|4}} (Lipetskaya ulitsa) — Domodedovo Airport, Vidnoe, Kashira, Rostov-on-Don
30 kmBulatnikovo
33 kmM|2}} (Varshavskoe shosse) — Podolsk, Ostafyevo International Airport
35 kmPolyany ulitsa — Butovo
38 kmPaustovskogo ulitsa — Yasenevo
41 kmA|130}}, Profsoyuznaya ulitsa
45 kmM|3}} (Kievskoe shosse), Leninsky Avenue — Vnukovo Airport, Bryansk, Kiev
48 kmBorovskoye shosse, Ozyornaya ulitsa
55 kmM|1}} (Minskoye shosse), Mozhayskoye shosse — Smolensk, Brest
56 kmGorbunova ulitsa — Nemchinovka
60 kmA|106}} (Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse) — Uspenskoye
61 kmRublevo-Uspenskoye shosse — Rublevo
63 kmM|9}} (Novorizhskoye shosse), Marshala Zhukova prospekt — Riga, Velikiye Luki
65 kmMyankininsky prospekt — Myakinino
68 kmA|109}} (Volokolamskoye shosse) — Dedovsk, Petrovo-Dalneye
72 kmNovokurkinskoye shosse — Kurkino
74 kmSvobody ulitsa, Molodezhnaya ulitsa — Kurkino
75 kmM|10}} (Leningradskoye Highway) — Sheremetyevo International Airport, Khimki, St. Petersburg
78 kmM|11}}
82 kmA|104}} (Dmitrovskoye shosse) — Dubna, Dmitrov
85 kmAltufyevskoye shosse — Veshki
91 kmOstashskaya ulitsa
95 kmM|8}} (Yaroslavskoye shosse) — Yaroslavl
103 kmKhabarovskaya ulitsa — Abramtsevo
105 kmA|103}} (Shchelkovskoye shosse) — Shchyolkovo

Gallery

{{Gallery
|title=
|width=230 | height=160 | lines=3
|align=center
|footer=
|File:MKAD-Kashirskoye Highway.jpg| Interchange of MKAD and Kashirskoye Highway in Moscow
|File:Businovskaya traffic interchange.jpg|MKAD interchange with Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway
|File:Interchange1 of MKAD.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Leningradskoye Highway
|File:Interchange4 of MKAD.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Borovskoe shosse
|File:Interchange5 of MKAD.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Mozhayskoe shosse
|File:Interchange6 of MKAD.jpg|MKAD interchange with Novorizhskoe shosse
|File:Interchange7 of MKAD.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Volokolamskoe shosse
|File:Interchange8 of MKAD.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Yaroslavskoe shosse
|File:Interchange9 of MKAD.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Myakininsky proezd
|File:Interchange2 of MKAD.jpg|MKAD interchange with Molodogvardeyskaya street
|File:Interchange3 of MKAD.jpg|MKAD interchange with Dmitrovskoe highway
|File:Развязка МКАД — Верхние Поля.jpg|MKAD interchange with Verkhniye polya street
|File:Chertanovo MKAD-Varsh-Simph freeway interchange.JPG|MKAD interchange with M2
|File:MKAD 65km Strogino.jpg|MKAD near Strogino District
|File:Approaching Vnukovo... (2554092113).jpg|MKAD interchange with Profsoyuznaya street
|File:MKAD-Yaroslavka interchange.JPG|Yaroslavskoe highway interchange
|File:MKAD -Volgogradsky prospekt.jpg|Interchange of MKAD and Volgogradsky Prospekt in Moscow
}}

See also

{{Portal|Moscow|Roads}}

Ring roads in Moscow:

  • Boulevard Ring
  • Garden Ring
  • Third Ring Road

Comparison to other ring roads encircling big cities:

  • Saint Petersburg Ring Road
  • Ring roads of Beijing
  • London Orbital motorway
  • Washington, DC Beltway
  • A23 in Vienna
  • Boulevard Périphérique in Paris
  • Grande Raccordo Anulare in Rome
  • Autopista de Circunvalación M-40 and M-50 (Spain) in Madrid

Notes and references

1. ^Map not including the new boroughs (2012) of Novomoskovsky and Troitsky
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://engl.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_6.php?id_page=298 | title=Bul’var Dmitriya Donskogo | publisher=Moscow Metro official site | accessdate=30 June 2013 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313010618/http://engl.mosmetro.ru/pages/page_6.php?id_page=298 | archivedate=13 March 2012 | df= }}

External links

{{commons category|MKAD (Moscow)}}
  • [https://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&om=1&ll=55.739482,37.617188&spn=0.363359,0.526657 The MKAD on Google Maps.]
  • A view of the MKAD from a pedestrian bridge.

3 : Geography of Moscow|Ring roads in Moscow|Transport in Moscow
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