“Moscow Time”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Moscow Time

释义

History
Usage
Past usage
See also
Notes
External links

{{For|the newspaper|The Moscow Times}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}{{Time zones of Russia}}{{Time zones of Europe}}Moscow Time ({{lang-ru|моско́вское вре́мя}}) is the time zone for the city of Moscow, Russia, and most of western Russia, including Saint Petersburg. It is the second-westernmost of the eleven time zones of Russia. It has been set to 00 permanently on 26 October 2014;^[1] before that date it had been set to 00 year-round since 27 March 2011.^[2]

Moscow Time is used to schedule trains, ships, etc. throughout Russia, but airplane travel is scheduled using local time. Trains are going to follow local time by 1 August. Times in Russia are often announced throughout the country on radio stations as Moscow Time, which is also registered in telegrams, etc. Descriptions of time zones in Russia are often based on Moscow Time rather than UTC. For example, Yakutsk (00) is said to be MSK+6 in Russia.

History

Until the October Revolution, the official time in Moscow corresponded to UTC+02:30:17 (according to the longitude of the Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University). In 1919 the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR introduced the system of time zones in the country, while Moscow was assigned to the second administrative time zone, the time of which should correspond to 00. Other zones east of the 37.5° meridian to Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan, Tula, Lipetsk, Voronezh and Rostov-on-Don were also included in the second belt.

In accordance with the 16 June 1930 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars, the Decree Time was introduced by adding one hour to the time in each time zone of the USSR, so that Moscow Time became three hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.{{citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Until 2011, during the winter, between the last Sunday of October and the last Sunday of March, Moscow Standard Time (MSK, МСК) was three hours ahead of UTC, or 00; during the summer, Moscow Time shifted forward an additional hour ahead of Moscow Standard Time to become Moscow Summer Time (MSD), making it 00.

In 2011, the Russian government proclaimed that daylight saving time would in future be observed all year round, thus effectively displacing standard time—an action which the government claimed emerged from health concerns attributed to the annual shift back-and-forth between standard time and daylight saving time.^[1] On 27 March 2011, Muscovites set their clocks forward for a final time, effectively observing MSD, or 00, permanently.

On 29 March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol—two federal subjects established by Russia on the Crimean Peninsula—switched their time to MSK.

On 1 July 2014, the State Duma passed a bill repealing the 2011 change, putting Moscow Time on permanent 00.{{Clarify|date=January 2017|post-text=(see talk)}}

Usage

Most of the European part of Russia (west of the Ural Mountains) uses Moscow Time. In Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaliningrad time (00) is used. Samara Oblast and Udmurtia use Samara time (00) and Perm Krai, Bashkortostan and Orenburg Oblast use Yekaterinburg time (00). In the Crimean Federal District, the disputed region of Crimea between Russia and Ukraine, the Moscow Time is also observed, as well as in the separatist territories of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic, which since 2014 control part of the Ukrainian Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast.^[3]

Past usage

Prior to 26 October 2014, Moscow Time was 00. Daylight saving time was used in the summer, advancing it to 00.

00 was also formerly used in European parts of what was then the USSR:

Belarus, in 1930–1991, and again from 2014–present.
Estonia, in 1940–1941, and 1944-1989
Latvia, in 1940–1941, and 1944-1989
Lithuania, in 1940–1941, and 1944-1989
Moldova, in 1940–1941, and 1944-1991
Ukraine, in 1930–1941, and 1943-1990
Crimea, in 1930–1941, 1943-1990 and again from 2014–present.
Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), in 1946–1989
Samara Oblast (Russia), in 1989–1991, and again from 2010–2014.

Moscow Summer Time (00), was first applied in 1981 and was used:

until 1988 in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
until 1989 in Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine
until 1990 in Kaliningrad Oblast.
between 1989 and 1990 and in 2010 in Samara Oblast.

In 1922–1930 and 1991–1992, Moscow observed EET (00). Daylight saving time (00) was observed in the summer of 1991, and the city and region reverted to 00 by the summer of 1992.

The time in Moscow has been as follows (the list of DST usage is probably not accurate here):^[4]

From 1 January 1880	UTC+02:30:17
From 3 July 1916	UTC+02:31:19
From 1 July 1917	UTC+02:31:19 with DST
From 1 July 1919	00 with DST
From 16 August 1919	00
From 14 February 1921	00 with DST
From 1 October 1921	00
From 1 October 1922	00 (EET)
From 21 June 1930	00
From 1 April 1981	00 with DST
From 31 March 1991	00 (EET) with DST
From 19 January 1992	00 with DST
From 27 March 2011	00
From 26 October 2014	00

Notes

1. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20141026/194606015/Russia-Turns-Clocks-Back-to-Winter-Time.html|date=26 October 2014|title=Russia Turns Clocks Back to 'Winter' Time ,during British summer time however Moscow time is only 2 hours ahead of the uk , and 3 in the winter. |newspaper=RIA Novosti|accessdate=27 October 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/russia-winter-time.html|date=8 February 2011|title=Russia Abolishes Winter Time|newspaper=Timeanddate.com|accessdate=26 March 2011}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://tass.ru/en/world/756540|title=DPR and LPR switch over to Moscow time|publisher=Tass - Russian News Agency|date=26 October 2014|accessdate=11 August 2015}}
4. ^Time Zone Database (IANA)

External links

Online clock (Moscow, Russia)
Current time in Moscow
Moscow time

2 : Time zones|Time in Russia

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History

Usage

Past usage

See also

Notes

External links