“Titanic Belfast”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Titanic Belfast is a visitor attraction opened in 2012, a monument to Belfast's maritime heritage on the site of the former Harland & Wolff shipyard in the city's Titanic Quarter where the RMS Titanic was built. It tells the stories of the ill-fated Titanic, which hit an iceberg and sank during her maiden voyage in 1912, and her sister ships RMS Olympic and HMHS Britannic. The building contains more than {{convert|12000|sqm}} of floor space, most of which is occupied by a series of galleries, private function rooms and community facilities, plus the addition of Hickson’s Point destination bar in March 2018.

History

The building is located on Queen's Island, an area of land at the entrance of Belfast Lough which was reclaimed from the water in the mid-19th century. It was used for many years by the shipbuilders Harland and Wolff, who built huge slipways and graving docks to accommodate the simultaneous construction of Olympic and Titanic. The decline of shipbuilding in Belfast left much of the area derelict. Most of the disused structures on the island were demolished. A number of heritage features were given listed status, including the Olympic and Titanic slipways and graving docks, as well as the iconic Samson and Goliath cranes.{{sfn|DOENI Case bajssdy}}

The derelict land was renamed the "Titanic Quarter" in 2001 and was earmarked for regeneration.{{sfn|Macalister|6 February 2001}} Development rights over 185 acres was subsequently bought by Harcourt Developments at a cost of £47 million,{{sfn|The Irish Times|18 June 2003}} with 23 more acres set aside for a science park. The redevelopment plans included houses, hotels and entertainment amenities plus a maritime heritage museum and science centre.{{sfn|Cowan|Gow|13 April 2002}} In 2005, plans were announced to build a museum dedicated to Titanic to attract tourists to the area, with the aim of completing it by 2012 to mark the centenary of Titanic{{'}}s maiden voyage.{{sfn|Arendt|5 May 2005}}

A number of ideas were put forward for the attraction. Among ideas considered were reconstructing the massive steel gantry in which Titanic and Olympic were constructed,{{sfn|Arendt|5 May 2005}} or building an illuminated wire frame outline of Titanic in the dock in which she was fitted out.{{sfn|Peterkin|19 October 2005}} In June 2008, details of a project – known then as the "Titanic Signature Project" – were announced.{{sfn|McHugh|19 June 2008}} Northern Ireland's Tourism Minister, Arlene Foster, announced that the Northern Ireland Executive would provide 50 per cent of the attraction's funding through the Northern Ireland Tourist Board, with the remaining 50 per cent coming from the private sector, in the shape of Titanic Quarter Ltd, a sister company of Harcourt Developments, and the Belfast Harbour Commissioners. Additional funding was pledged by Belfast City Council. The task of creating the visitor attraction was taken on by Harcourt Developments, who enlisted the help of the American architect Eric Kuhne and British exhibition designers Event Communications.

The building, now known as Titanic Belfast, was expected to attract 425,000 visitors annually, of whom between 130,000–165,000 would come from outside Northern Ireland. It is intended to serve a similar transformational function to that of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, designed by Frank Gehry, as a focus for the regeneration of the city.{{sfn|McConnell|Oct–Nov 2010}} It forms part of the Titanic–related heritage sites in Titanic Quarter, including the disused headquarters and drawing offices of Harland & Wolff, the SS Nomadic – the last surviving White Star Line ship – and Hamilton Dock, Titanic{{'}}s Dock and Pump house and the Titanic and Olympic slipways.{{sfn|Belfast Telegraph|15 April 2011}}

First year visitor numbers significantly exceeded projections, with 807,340 visitors passing through its doors, of which 471,702 were from outside Northern Ireland, according to Titanic Belfast. The attraction has also sold 1,376 bottles of champagne and hosted over 350 conferences.^[1]^[2] In 2015 there were 625,000 visitors.^[3]

Design and construction

Eric Kuhne and Associates were commissioned as concept architects, with Todd Architects appointed as lead consultants. The building's design is intended to reflect Belfast's history of shipmaking and the industrial legacy bequeathed by Harland & Wolff. Its angular form recalls the shape of ships' prows, with its main "prow" angled down the middle of the Titanic and Olympic slipways towards the River Lagan.{{sfn|McConnell|Oct–Nov 2010}} Alternatively, it has been suggested that the building looks like an iceberg, and locals have already nicknamed it "The Iceberg".{{sfn|Ediss|15 April 2012}} Most of the building's façade is clad in 3,000 individual silver anodised aluminium shards.{{sfn|Belfast Telegraph|15 April 2011}} It stands {{convert|126|ft|m}} high, the same height as Titanic{{'}}s hull.{{sfn|Ediss|15 April 2012}}

The interior of the eight-storey building provides {{convert|12000|sqm|sqft}} of space.{{sfn|McConnell|Oct–Nov 2010}} Its centrepiece is a series of interpretive galleries exploring aspects of the building, design, sinking and legacy of Titanic. On the top floor of the museum is Belfast's largest conference and reception space, the Titanic Suite, a banqueting facility capable of seating 750 people. A reproduction of the original staircase on the Titanic, made famous by the James Cameron film Titanic in 1997, is located in this conference centre.^[4] The building also provides education, community, retail and restaurant facilities plus a community resource centre.{{sfn|McGonagle|19 April 2011}}

The construction of the building cost £77 million with an additional £24 million spent on pre-planning, enabling works, underground car park and public realm enhancements. The foundations to the building involved one of the country's largest-ever concrete pours with {{convert|4200|m3|cuft}} of concrete delivered by 700 concrete lorries in 24 hours. Harcourt Construction (NI) Ltd oversaw the design and building phase of the project.,{{sfn|Belfast Telegraph|15 April 2011}} a subsidiary of Dublin-based property development company Harcourt Developments Ltd.{{sfn|McGonagle|19 April 2011}}

In front of the building is Titanica, a sculpture by Rowan Gillespie depicting a diving female figure. Made of bronze, it is mounted on a brass base, evoking the design of figureheads on ships' prows, and is meant to represent hope and positivity. The figure was dedicated by representatives of the Anglican, Catholic, Methodist and Presbyterian churches on 27 March 2012, a few days before the opening of Titanic Belfast.{{sfn|Richardson|27 March 2012}}

Hickson’s Point

Opened in March 2018, the destination bar aims to resemble an authentic 1900’s Belfast pub.

The name of the space is inspired by Robert Hickson, one of the first shipbuilders in Belfast.

Rooms of Museum

Titanic Belfast's exhibition was designed by London-based exhibition designers Event Communications and consists of nine interpretative and interactive galleries, covering the following themes:

The first gallery recreates scenes from Belfast at the time of Titanic{{'}}s construction in 1909–11. It illustrates the city's major industries before leading through an original set of gates from the Harland and Wolff shipyard into an interactive floor presenting Titanic{{'}}s construction plans, along with original drawings and scale models of the ship.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The second gallery is dominated by a steel scaffold standing {{convert|20|m|ft}}, which alludes to the Arrol Gantry built to aid the construction of Titanic and Olympic. The actual gantry was four times the height of the gallery's representation.^[5] A lift carries visitors to the top of the gantry, where scenes of shipbuilding are displayed through audio and images. The visit continues on a six-seater car which takes the visitor on a ride through a recreation of a shipyard which moves through a scale replica of Titanic{{'}}s enormous rudder.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The Launch gallery portrays scenes from the Spring day when Titanic was launched into Belfast Lough, watched by 100,000 people. It overlooks the slipway from which Titanic was launched and a window enables visitors to see the slipways and docks as they appear now.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The fourth gallery presents a large-scale model of Titanic to illustrate how the ship appeared to its passengers and crew, depicting all three classes of cabins. A central feature in the gallery presents a 360-degree computer-generated tour around Titanic through all the levels of the vessel, from the engine room to the dining saloons and the bridge.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The ship's disastrous maiden voyage is depicted in the fifth gallery, which depicts the ship's boat deck. Visitors can walk across the wooden deck, sit on benches or look out at a view across the docks and harbour. The gallery also presents photographs of the ship by the Jesuit photographer Father Francis Browne, who was aboard Titanic for the leg from Southampton to Cobh in southern Ireland.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The sixth gallery portrays the sinking of the Titanic with the background sound of Morse code SOS messages being sent to other ships. Images of the sinking are combined with audio of survivors telling their stories and illustrations of the confused press reporting of the disaster. The iceberg is evoked by a wall of 400 replica life-jackets, on which an image of the sinking ship is projected.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The aftermath of the sinking is documented in the seventh gallery, which is dominated by a full-size replica of one of the lifeboats used to evacuate passengers from the ship. The American and British inquiries into the disaster are portrayed on either side of the lifeboat through videos and information panels. Visitors can use interactive screens to search the passenger and crew lists to find out if one of their relatives was aboard the ship. The gallery also presents information on the subsequent histories of Harland and Wolff and Titanic{{'}}s sister ships.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The disaster gave rise to numerous legends and myths, perpetuated through films, plays, books and poems. With Celine Dion's song My Heart Will Go On playing in the background, visitors are able to explore aspects of the popular culture inspired by Titanic. Interactive screens also enable the visitor to explore myths about the ship.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

The last gallery presents Titanic as she is now, {{convert|12000|ft|m}} below the surface of the North Atlantic. Presented in conjunction with the discoverer of the wreck of Titanic, Dr Robert Ballard, the gallery illustrates his expeditions to the ship through footage, audio and images. A fish-eye view of the wreck is set under the glass floor. Below the floor is the Ocean Exploration Centre, Titanic Belfast's principal educational facility, which shows marine biology and exploration in Northern Ireland's coastal waters as well as Ballard's various expeditions around the world.{{sfn|Dougan|2 April 2012}}

Planned purchase of artifacts

In late August 2018, several groups were vying for the right to purchase the 5,500 RMS Titanic relics that were an asset of the bankrupt Premier Exhibitions.^[6] Eventually, Titanic Belfast, Titanic Foundation Limited and the National Museums Northern Ireland joined with the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich as a consortium that was raising money to purchase the 5,500 artifacts. The group intended to keep all of the items together as a single exhibit. Oceanographer Robert Ballard said he favored this group since it would ensure that the memorabilia would be permanently displayed in Belfast (where the Titanic was built) and in Greenwich. ^[7] The museums were critical of the bid process set by the Bankruptcy court in Jacksonville, Florida. The minimum bid for the 11 October 2018 auction was set at US$21.5 million (£16.5m) and the consortium did not have enough funding to meet that amount.^[8]^[9]

Footnotes

1. ^{{cite news|title=Foster welcomes boost for cruise industry|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/debateni/press-feed/foster-welcomes-boost-for-cruise-industry-29342332.html|work=Belfast Telegraph|date=13 June 2013|accessdate=16 June 2013}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Northern Ireland focus: Titanic success raises hopes for tourism|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cf145642-ce80-11e2-8e16-00144feab7de.html#axzz2WPxRxvcq|last=Smyth|first=Jamie|work=Financial Times|date=16 June 2013|accessdate=16 June 2013}}
3. ^https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/sep/06/titanic-belfast-family-holidays-day-trips-northern-ireland
4. ^Grand Staircase of the RMS Titanic
5. ^https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/sep/06/titanic-belfast-family-holidays-day-trips-northern-ireland
6. ^{{cite web|author=Dawn McCarty, Jef Feeley, Chris Dixon|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/07/news-titanic-uk-belfast-bankruptcy-cameron/|publisher=National Geographic|date=2018-07-24 |accessdate=2018-09-02}}
7. ^{{cite web|author=Dawn McCarty, Jef Feeley, Chris Dixon|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/07/news-titanic-uk-belfast-bankruptcy-cameron/|publisher=National Geographic|date=2018-07-24 |accessdate=2018-09-02}}
8. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-45766021 Titanic: Salvaged treasure may not return to Belfast BBC 5 October 2018]
9. ^[https://www.jaxdailyrecord.com/article/the-basch-report-titanic-artifacts-finally-to-be-sold-at-auction Bankrupt Premier Exhibitions Inc. owns 5,500 items from the ill-fated ocean liner The Basch Report 3 October 2018]