“Moskva-class helicopter carrier”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Moskva-class helicopter carrier

释义

Design
Armament Sensors Propulsion
Ships
See also
References
Citations Sources
External links

{{about|helicopter carriers|the Moskva missile cruiser|Slava-class cruiser}}{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}{{Infobox ship image

Ship image=

Ship caption=Leningrad underway in 1990.
}}{{Infobox ship class overview

Name=Moskva class

Builders=

SUN}}

{{navy|RUS}}

Class before=

Kiev|aircraft carrier|4}}

Subclasses=

Cost=

Built range=

In service range=1967–1991

In commission range=

Total ships building=

Total ships planned=3

Total ships completed= 2

Total ships cancelled= 1

Total ships active=

Total ships laid up=

Total ships lost=

Total ships retired= 2

Total ships preserved=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics

Hide header=

Header caption=

Ship type=Helicopter carrier

Ship displacement=*14,950 tons standard

17,500 tons full load

196.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}

35|m|ft|abbr=on}}

7.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}

Ship power=

100,000|hp|kW|abbr=on|order=flip}}

31|kn|km/h|0}}

14,000|nmi|km|0}} at {{convert|12|kn|km/h|0}}

Ship endurance=

Ship complement=850

Ship time to activate=

Ship sensors=

Ship EW=

Ship armament=*2 × twin SA-N-3 'Goblet' surface-to-air missile launchers

2 × twin {{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}}/80 guns
1 × SUW-N-1 launcher for FRAS-1 anti-submarine missiles
2 × RBU-6000 ASW rockets
10 × {{convert|553|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} torpedo tubes (2 × 5)

Ship armour=

Ship aircraft=18× Kamov Ka-25 'Hormone' or Mi-8 helicopters

Ship aircraft facilities=

Ship notes=
}}

The Moskva-class helicopter carriers were the first operational Soviet Navy aircraft carriers, called helicopter carriers by the Soviet Navy.^[1] The Soviet designation was Project 1123 Kondor.

These ships were laid down at Nikolayev South (Shipyard No.444). The lead vessel was launched in 1965 and named {{ship|Soviet helicopter carrier|Moskva||2}}; she entered commission two years later. Moskva was followed by {{ship|Soviet helicopter carrier|Leningrad||2}}, which was commissioned in late 1968; there were no further vessels built, reportedly due to the poor handling of the ships in rough seas. Both were conventionally powered.

The Moskvas were not true "aircraft carriers" in that they did not carry any fixed-wing aircraft; the air wing was composed entirely of helicopters. They were designed primarily as anti-submarine warfare (ASW) vessels, and her weapons and sensor suite was optimized against the nuclear submarine threat. Their strategic role was to defend the Soviet ballistic missile submarine bastions against incursions by Western attack submarines, forming the flagships of an ASW task force.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

Design

The operational requirement was issued by Admiral Sergey Gorshkov in 1959. The aim of the ships was to counter NATO Polaris submarines and act as a flagship for anti-submarine warfare. Initially it was hoped to operate 10 helicopters from an 8000 ton ship. The design evolved into a larger vessel capable of operating up to 14 helicopters with self defence armament.

Armament

Shipboard ASW armament included a twin SUW-N-1 launcher capable of delivering a FRAS-1 projectile carrying a {{convert|450|mm|in|sing=on}} torpedo (or a 5 kiloton nuclear warhead); a pair of RBU-6000 ASW mortars; and a set of torpedo tubes. For self-defence, the Moskvas had two twin SA-N-3 surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers with reloads for a total of 48 surface-to-air missiles, along with two twin {{convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on}}/80 guns.

Sensors

Radar

Top Sail (air warning)
Head Net
2 x Head Light (SAM guidance)
2 x Muff Cob (gun fire control)
2 x Don 2 (navigation)

Sonar

Moose Jaw (low frequency bow mounted)
Mare Tail VDS

Propulsion

Gas turbines were considered but were as yet untried in such a large vessel. Instead a high pressure steam plant similar to that used by the {{sclass2-|Kynda|cruiser}}s was used. The machinery of Moskva had severe problems and had to be rebuilt in 1973 following a fire. Operational performance was disappointing with a practical maximum speed of {{convert|30|kn}} and {{convert|24|kn|sing=on}} maximum sustainable speed. Sea keeping was also disappointing.

Ships

Both vessels were part of the Black Sea Fleet, and were retired in 1991. Both ships were scrapped in the late 1990s. A third ship to be named Kiev was cancelled in 1969, which was to have been an anti-surface warfare vessel. The Moskva class was succeeded by the {{sclass-|Kiev|aircraft carrier|4}}.

Name	Namesake	Builder	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Fate
Soviet helicopter carrier\|Moskva\|4=2}}	City of Moscow	Soviet Shipyard No. 444, Mykolaiv	15 December 1962	14 January 1965	25 December 1967	Broken up at Alang, 1997
Soviet helicopter carrier\|Leningrad\|4=2}}	City of Leningrad		15 January 1965	31 July 1968	2 June 1969	Broken up, Greece, 1995
Kiev	City of Kiev		December 1967	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	Cancelled 1969

References

Citations

1. ^Jordan,John, 'Soviet Warships 1945 to Present', Revised & Expanded Edition, {{ISBN|1-85409-117-4}}, Published by Arms & Armour Press (London, UK), 1992

Sources

{{cite book |last=Gardiner|first=Robert (ed.) |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1947–1995|year=1995|publisher=Conway Maritime|location=London|isbn=0-85177-605-1|oclc=34284130}} Also published as {{cite book |last=Gardiner|first=Robert|authorlink=|author2=Chumbley, Stephen |author3=Budzbon, Przemysław|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1947–1995|year=1995 |publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, MD|isbn=1-55750-132-7|oclc=34267261}}

External links

Project 1123 Kondor - Moskva class, GlobalSecurity.org
{{ru icon}} Moskva class

3 : Helicopter carrier classes|Moskva-class helicopter carriers|Cold War aircraft carriers of the Soviet Union

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