- Gene
- Protein Cellular Location Predicted properties Structure Splice Sites Expression Interacting Proteins
- Future Medical Applications
- References
- Further reading
{{Infobox_gene}}Transmembrane protein 50A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM50A gene.[1][2][3]{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is located in the RH gene locus, between the RHD and RHCE genes. The function of its protein product is unknown; however, its sequence has potential transmembrane domains suggesting that it may be an integral membrane protein. Its position between the RH genes suggests that polymorphisms in this gene may be tightly linked to RH haplotypes and may contribute to selective pressure for or against certain RH haplotypes.[3]
}} Gene The TMEM50A gene is located on chromosome 1 p36.11 in the human (homo sapiens) genome. Its mRNA sequence is 2284 base pairs in length and includes seven exons. The coding sequence is from base pairs 151 to 624. Protein The TMEM50A protein is 157 amino acids in length. Cellular Location [https://web.archive.org/web/20090329084822/http://psort.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/form2.html PSORT II] predicts that TMEM50A is most likely found in the cells plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted properties Through bioinformatic analysis several of TMEM50A's protein properties were predicted. - Molecular Weight: 17.4 KDal[4]
- Isoelectric point: 5.483[5]
- Post-translational modification: Several post-translational modifications are predicted:
- Two serine phosphorylation sites found at amino acids 82 and 84 Residue[6]
- One possibleN-Linked Glycosylation Site located at amino acid 74 [6]
- One possible Tyrosine phosphorylation site
Structure The exact structure of TMEM50A is unknown but through the use of several prediction programs, some of its most likely structural components can be assumed. - TMHMM shows that TMEM50A has four transmembrane regions. This was further confirmed by similar results found in TMEM50A orthologs and the neutral charge found in these regions using SAPS program in Biology Workbench
- By using the PELE program in Biology Workbench along with comparing the results of known protein structures, it can be predicted that TMEM50A has:
- Two Alpha Helix structures
- Five Beta Sheets
Splice Sites Alternative Splice sites were found by BLAT on the UCSC genome browser TMEM50A has several alternative splices including: - Removal of exon 2
- Removal of exons 2 and 3
- Removal of exons 2, 3, and 5
- Removal of exon 3
- Removal of exon 5
These alternative splice sites don't affect the reading frame of the sequence and thus may not alter the function of the protein. Expression TMEM50A is expressed in almost all human tissues, but evidence from [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/ESTProfileViewer.cgi?uglist=Hs.523054 EST] profiles through NCBI, suggests that its expression may be slightly higher in parathyroid tissues and brain tissues. It also seems to be expressed higher during the neonate and juvenile development stages. Interacting Proteins There is one predicted protein that interacts with TMEM50A, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=retrieve&dopt=full_report&list_uids=55262&log$=databasead&logdbfrom=protein C7orf43]. This proteins gene is located on chromosome 7 open reading frame 43. Its function is also unknown. Future Medical ApplicationsInvestigation of several [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/gds/profileGraph.cgi?&dataset=K..CAFEEDHCE.EABEIC.B..z...CCCKG&dataset=5..IBXQNN1GM.OCGQXI.D..q...IIJ3U$&gmin=0.007700&gmax=2.306900&absc=&gds=470&idref=283&annot=TMEM50A GEO] profiles showed that TMEM50A is highly upregulated in late stage cervical cancer. This may suggest that TMEM50A has some function that may be causing or is caused directly by cervical cancer. Although few studies are available to confirm this idea, more studies may offer suggestions that use TMEM50A for treatment of late stage cervical cancer. References1. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Flegel WA, Wagner FF | title = Molecular genetics of RH | journal = Vox Sang | volume = 78 Suppl 2 | issue = | pages = 109–15 |date=Dec 2000 | pmid = 10938938 | pmc = | doi = }}
2. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Wagner FF, Flegel WA | title = RHD gene deletion occurred in the Rhesus box | journal = Blood | volume = 95 | issue = 12 | pages = 3662–8 |date=Aug 2000 | pmid = 10845894 | pmc = | doi = }}
3. ^1 {{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TMEM50A transmembrane protein 50A| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23585| accessdate = }}
4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Brendel V, Bucher P, Nourbakhsh IR, Blaisdell BE, Karlin S | title = Methods and algorithms for statistical analysis of protein sequences | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 89 | issue = 6 | pages = 2002–6 |date=March 1992 | pmid = 1549558 | pmc = 48584 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2002| url = }}
5. ^{{cite web |title= PI Program (Isoelectric Point Prediction) |url= http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/cgi/pi-wrapper.pl |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081026062821/http://www.embl-heidelberg.de/cgi/pi-wrapper.pl |archivedate= 2008-10-26 |df= }}
6. ^1 {{cite web |title=UniProt Database |url=https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8IW45}}
Further reading{{refbegin | 2}}- {{cite journal | author=Mehrle A |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006 |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139 | pmc=1347501 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Rosenfelder H | author3=Schupp I | display-authors=3 | last4=Del Val | first4=C | last5=Arlt | first5=D | last6=Hahne | first6=F | last7=Bechtel | first7=S | last8=Simpson | first8=J | last9=Hofmann | first9=O }}
- {{cite journal | author=Tao WA |title=Quantitative phosphoproteome analysis using a dendrimer conjugation chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry |journal=Nat. Methods |volume=2 |issue= 8 |pages= 591–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16094384 |doi= 10.1038/nmeth776 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wollscheid B | author3=O'Brien R | display-authors=3 | last4=Eng | first4=Jimmy K | last5=Li | first5=Xiao-jun | last6=Bodenmiller | first6=Bernd | last7=Watts | first7=Julian D | last8=Hood | first8=Leroy | last9=Aebersold | first9=Ruedi }}
- {{cite journal | author=Wiemann S |title=From ORFeome to Biology: A Functional Genomics Pipeline |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136–44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 | pmc=528930 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Arlt D | author3=Huber W | display-authors=3 | last4=Wellenreuther | first4=R | last5=Schleeger | first5=S | last6=Mehrle | first6=A | last7=Bechtel | first7=S | last8=Sauermann | first8=M | last9=Korf | first9=U }}
- {{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS |title=The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 | pmc=528928 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wagner L | author3=Feingold EA | display-authors=3 | last4=Shenmen | first4=CM | last5=Grouse | first5=LH | last6=Schuler | first6=G | last7=Klein | first7=SL | last8=Old | first8=S | last9=Rasooly | first9=R }}
- {{cite journal | author=Clark HF |title=The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment |journal=Genome Res. |volume=13 |issue= 10 |pages= 2265–70 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12975309 |doi= 10.1101/gr.1293003 | pmc=403697 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Gurney AL | author3=Abaya E | display-authors=3 | last4=Baker | first4=K | last5=Baldwin | first5=D | last6=Brush | first6=J | last7=Chen | first7=J | last8=Chow | first8=B | last9=Chui | first9=C }}
- {{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD }}
- {{cite journal |vauthors=Wagner FF, Flegel WA |title=RHCE represents the ancestral RH position, while RHD is the duplicated gene |journal=Blood |volume=99 |issue= 6 |pages= 2272–3 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11902138 |doi=10.1182/blood-2001-12-0153 }}
- {{cite journal | author=Simpson JC |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287–92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 | pmc=1083732 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Wellenreuther R | author3=Poustka A | display-authors=3 | last4=Pepperkok | first4=R | last5=Wiemann | first5=S }}
- {{cite journal | author=Wiemann S |title=Toward a Catalog of Human Genes and Proteins: Sequencing and Analysis of 500 Novel Complete Protein Coding Human cDNAs |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422–35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.GR1547R | pmc=311072 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Weil B | author3=Wellenreuther R | display-authors=3 | last4=Gassenhuber | first4=J | last5=Glassl | first5=S | last6=Ansorge | first6=W | last7=Böcher | first7=M | last8=Blöcker | first8=H | last9=Bauersachs | first9=S }}
- {{cite journal |vauthors=Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA |title=DNA Cloning Using In Vitro Site-Specific Recombination |journal=Genome Res. |volume=10 |issue= 11 |pages= 1788–95 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11076863 |doi=10.1101/gr.143000 | pmc=310948 }}
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