| 词条 | Mother Earth (magazine) | ||
| 释义 |
| image_file = Mother_Earth_1912.jpg | image_size = 200px | image_caption = Mother Earth Vol 7 No. 4, cover dated June 1912 | editor = Emma Goldman | editor_title = Proprietor | staff_writer = Alexander Berkman | frequency = 12 monthly | circulation = | category = Anarchism | firstdate = March 1906 | finaldate = August 1917 | finalnumber = Vol 12 No 6 | country = United States | language = English | website = | issn = }} Mother Earth was an American anarchist journal that described itself as "A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Social Science and Literature". Founded in early 1906 and initially edited by Emma Goldman, an activist in the United States, it published articles by contemporary activists and writers in Europe as well as the US, in addition to essays by historic figures. HistoryEmma Goldman, a noted political activist in the United States, was the first editor of this magazine, which she founded in early 1906. She wanted an alternative means to reach people, as she was tired of her rounds of cross-country speaking tours. Alexander Berkman, another well-known anarchist and longtime friend, took over as editor in 1907, a year after he was released from prison. He served in this role to 1915. It published longer articles by American and European writers and activists on a variety of anarchist topics, including the labor movement, education, literature and the arts, state and government control, and women's emancipation, and sexual freedom. It was an early supporter of birth control. Its subscribers and supporters formed a virtual "who's who" of the radical left in the United States in the years prior to 1920. In 1917, Mother Earth began to call for opposition to US entry into the Great War and, specifically, for men to refuse to register for the military draft or submit to conscription. On June 15, 1917, Congress passed the Espionage Act. The law set punishments for acts of interference in US foreign policy and espionage. The Act authorized stiff fines and prison terms of up to 20 years for anyone who obstructed the military draft or encouraged "disloyalty" to the U.S. government. After Goldman and Berkman continued to advocate against conscription, Goldman's offices at Mother Earth were thoroughly searched by Department of Justice agents, and they seized volumes of files and detailed subscription lists from Mother Earth, along with Berkman's journal The Blast. A US Justice Department press release said:
Mother Earth remained in monthly circulation until August 1917.[1] Berkman and Goldman were found guilty of violating the Espionage Act because they encouraged men to resist the draft. The court had revoked Goldman's citizenship after that of her husband, Kershner, had been revoked. Along with 258 others, Goldman and Berkman were deported to the Soviet Union in 1919. ContributorsThe following is a partial list of contemporary contributors whose essays or poems were published in Mother Earth:[2]
The following is a partial list of contributors of cover art:
References1. ^{{cite web|title = WorldCat|work=OCLC|date=2007|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1758760|accessdate = 2007-06-01}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Anarchy! An Anthology of Emma Goldman's Mother Earth|author=Peter Glassgold (ed.)|publisher=Counterpoint|location=Washington D.C.|date=April 2001|url=http://www.perseusbooksgroup.com/counterpoint/book_detail.jsp?isbn=1582430403|isbn=1-58243-040-3}} External links{{Wikisource|Mother Earth}}
7 : Anarchist periodicals in the United States|American monthly magazines|Defunct American political magazines|Defunct magazines of the United States|Emma Goldman|Magazines established in 1906|Magazines disestablished in 1917 |
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