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词条 Mountain Province
释义

  1. History

     Spanish period  American period  Post-war era 

  2. Geography

     Administrative divisions  Barangays 

  3. Demographics

     Religion 

  4. Tourism

  5. Government

     List of former governors 

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mountain Province
| official_name =
| native_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| image_flag = {{PH wikidata|image_flag}}
| flag_size = 120x80px
| image_seal = {{PH wikidata|image_seal}}
| seal_size = 100x80px
| image_shield =
| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption = Location in the Philippines
| coordinates = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{PH wikidata|country}}
| subdivision_type1 = Region
| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 1908
| seat_type = Capital
| seat = {{PH wikidata|seat}}
| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Governor
| leader_name = Bonifacio Lacwasan (Independent)
| leader_title1 = Vice Governor
| leader_name1 = Francis Tauli (Independent)
| area_footnotes = [1]
| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| area_rank = 58th out of 81
| elevation_max_m = 2,717
| elevation_max_point = Mount Singakalsa
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current|CAR}}
| population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_rank = 76th out of 81
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_rank = 75th out of 81
| demographics_type1 = Divisions
| demographics1_title1 = Independent cities
| demographics1_info1 = 0
| demographics1_title2 = Component cities
| demographics1_info2 = 0
| demographics1_title3 = Municipalities
| demographics1_info3 = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title = 10
| {{PH wikidata|municipalities}}
}}
| demographics1_title4 = Barangays
| demographics1_info4 = 144
| demographics1_title5 = Districts
| demographics1_info5 = Lone district of Mountain Province
| timezone = PHT
| utc_offset = +8
| postal_code_type = ZIP code
| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| iso_code = {{PH wikidata|iso_code}}
| blank_name_sec1 = Spoken languages
| blank_info_sec1 = {{hlist | Bontoc | Kankana-ey | Ilocano | Pangasinan | Tagalog | English }}
| website = {{PH wikidata|website}}
}}

Mountain Province ({{lang-tl|Lalawigang Bulubundukin}}) is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc.

Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign references. The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province. The province was named so for being in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon island.

Mountain Province was also the name of the historical province that included most of the current Cordillera provinces. This old province was established by the Philippine Commission in 1908,[2][3][4] and was later split in 1966 into Mountain Province, Benguet, Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao.[4][5][7]

The province is also known for its mummy caves, which contain naturally mummified bodies, and for its hanging coffins.[4]

{{TOC limit|3}}

History

Spanish period

The area of the Cordillera mountains proved difficult to control by the Spaniards. From 1566 to 1665, they sent expeditions to conquer the land but the rugged terrain and hostile indigenous population at the time were major obstacles to complete subjugation.[6]

Formerly called La Montañosa by the Spanish colonizers due to its mountainous terrain,[4][7] the area was subdivided into 6 comandancias politico-militar.[8]

American period

On August 19, 1908, during the American rule, the Philippine Commission enacted Act No. 1876, which organized the entire area of the Cordilleras into one large province, named Mountain Province.[2][9][4][10]

The first governor was Samuel Cane, and the town of Bontoc was made the capital. It was originally composed of the sub-provinces of Amburayan, Apayao, Benguet, Lepanto-Bontoc, Ifugao and Kalinga.[9][7]

Amburayan was later abolished in 1920 and its corresponding territories were transferred to the provinces of Ilocos Sur and La Union. Lepanto was also reduced in size and its towns were integrated into the sub-provinces of Bontoc and Benguet, and to the province of Ilocos Sur.[6][11]

[12]
Historical sub-provinces of Mountain Province under Act No. 1876[2][9][8][12]
Sub-provinceAbolished?{{small|Notes
AmburayanYes, in 1920}}Territories annexed to Ilocos Sur and La Union}}[9][12]
Apayao {{No}}
Benguet {{No}}Eastern towns annexed to Ilocos Sur and La Union in 1920}}[12]
Ifugao {{No}}
Kalinga {{No}}
Lepanto-BontocYes, in 1920}}Territories annexed to Ilocos Sur, Bontoc and Benguet}}[9][12]
{{left|{{Image array
| perrow = 2
| width = 180
| height = 160
| image1 = Mountain province 1918 map.jpg
| caption1 = The province in 1918
| alt1 = Old map of Mountain Province in 1918
| image2 = Bontoc Subprovince 1918 map.JPG
| caption2 = Bontoc sub-province in 1918
| alt2 = Old map of Bontoc sub-province of Mountain Province in 1918
}}
}}{{clear}}

Post-war era

Effective on April 7, 1967, Republic Act No. 4695 abolished the old Mountain Province, converting its sub-provinces into 4 independent provinces: Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga-Apayao and Mountain Province (corresponding to the former Bontoc sub-province).[4][13][7] On June 15, 1987, the Cordillera Administrative Region was established upon the issuance of Executive Order 220 by then-President Corazon Aquino, and Mountain Province was made one of its provinces.[6][14][15]

Geography

Mountain Province covers a total area of {{convert|{{PH wikidata|area}}|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}} occupying the central section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. The province is bordered on the north by Kalinga, south by Ifugao, southwest by Benguet, west by Ilocos Sur, and northwest by Abra.

Situated within the Cordillera Central, Mountain Province is 83% mountainous while 17% make up hills and levels. The province has many rivers, waterfalls, mountains, and caves. The central and western areas of the province are characterized by rugged mountains and steep cliffs, while the eastern portion has generally sloping terrain.[4][7]

Administrative divisions

Mountain Province comprises ten municipalities, all encompassed by a lone legislative district.{{PSGC detail|nscb}}

{{col-begin|width=auto}}{{col-break}}
Municipality{{thinsp{{efn-lr|name=CoordPopulation{{PSGC rubricArea{{PSGC detail|nscbDensity{{thinsp{{small|(2015){{abbr|Brgy.|Total number of barangays
{{small|(2015){{PH census|2015|CAR{{small|(2010){{PH census|2010|CARkm2{{nowrap|sq{{thinspmi/km2{{nowrap|/sq{{thinspmi
{{coord|17.0415|N|121.0993|E|name=Barlig|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenBarlig4,819|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 5,838color=true|2015.5835|4,819|2010.3315|5,838}}228.64|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|4,819/228.64|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}11
{{coord|16.9888|N|120.8679|E|name=Bauko|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenBauko31,065|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 30,172color=true|2015.5835|31,065|2010.3315|30,172}}153.00|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|31,065/153.00|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}22
{{coord|17.0952|N|120.8560|E|name=Besao|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenBesao7,040|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 7,818color=true|2015.5835|7,040|2010.3315|7,818}}173.62|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|7,040/173.62|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}14
{{coord|17.0891|N|120.9773|E|name=Bontoc|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenBontoc†24,643|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 23,980color=true|2015.5835|24,643|2010.3315|23,980}}396.10|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|24,643/396.10|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}16
{{coord|17.1092|N|121.2785|E|name=Natonin|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenNatonin10,272|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 10,048color=true|2015.5835|10,272|2010.3315|10,048}}252.00|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|10,272/252.00|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}11
{{coord|17.1812|N|121.4036|E|name=Paracelis|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenParacelis28,121|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 26,476color=true|2015.5835|28,121|2010.3315|26,476}}570.16|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|28,121/570.16|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}9
{{coord|17.0052|N|120.9228|E|name=Sabangan|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenSabangan9,315|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 8,741color=true|2015.5835|9,315|2010.3315|8,741}}72.04|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|9,315/72.04|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}15
{{coord|17.1685|N|121.0262|E|name=Sadanga|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenSadanga8,799|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 9,181color=true|2015.5835|8,799|2010.3315|9,181}}83.30|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|8,799/83.30|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}8
{{coord|17.0844|N|120.9006|E|name=Sagada|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenSagada11,127|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 11,244color=true|2015.5835|11,127|2010.3315|11,244}}83.32|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|11,127/83.32|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}19
{{coord|16.9957|N|120.8218|E|name=Tadian|region:PH-MOU_type:city|format=hiddenTadian19,389|154,590|disp=table|1|pad=yes}} 20,689color=true|2015.5835|19,389|2010.3315|20,689}}145.20|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}{{sigfig|19,389/145.20|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}19
Total154,590154,187{{PAGR|color=true|2015.5835|154,590|2010.3315|154,1872,157.38{{convert|2,157.38|km2|disp=number|2{{sigfig|154,590/2,157.38|2{{convert|{{sigfig|154,590/2,157.38|2|PD/km2|disp=number144
{{Color box|white|†|border=darkgray}}{{thinsp}}Provincial capital{{Color box|white|border=darkgray}}{{thinsp}}Municipality
{{notelist-lr|refs={{efn-lr|name=Coord|The globe  icon marks the town center.}}
}}
{{col-break|gap=0.75em}}{{col-end}}

Barangays

Mountain Province has 144 barangays comprising its 10 municipalities.{{PH census|2010|CAR}}

As of 2010, the most populous barangay in the province is Poblacion in the municipality of Paracelis, with a total of 5,687 inhabitants. Balintaugan in the municipality of Bauko has the least population with only 144.{{PH census|2010|CAR}}

{{Further|List of barangays in Mountain Province}}

Demographics

The population of Mountain Province in the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} was {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people,{{PH census|current|CAR}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|{{PH wikidata|population_total}}/{{PH wikidata|area}}|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}.

{{Philippine Census
| align = left
| title = Population census of
Mountain Province
| 1990 = 116535
| 1995 = 130755
| 2000 = 140631
| 2007 = 148661
| 2010 = 154187
| 2015 = 154590
| footnote = Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015|CAR}}{{PH census|2010|CAR}}{{PH census|2010}}
}}{{stack|float=left|{{bar box
| title = Population by ethnicity (2000)[40]
| titlebar = #CCCCFF
| left1 = Ethnicity
| right2 = Number
| barwidth = 6.5em
| bars ={{bar pixel | Kankanaey | #000040| 51.80| | {{number and percent | 72,694 | 140,339 | 2 | pad=yes}} }}{{bar pixel | Balangao / Baliwon | #404070| 13.46| | {{number and percent | 18,886 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Bontoc | #707094| 12.28| | {{number and percent | 17,234 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Ilocano | #AFAFC3| 4.97| | {{number and percent | 6,968 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Applai | #C3C3D2| 2.10| | {{number and percent | 2,947 | 140,339 | 2 | pad=yes}} }}{{bar pixel | Binontok | #D2D2DE| 1.79| | {{number and percent | 2,510 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Kalinga | #DEDEE6| 1.76| | {{number and percent | 2,468 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar gap|
}}{{bar pixel | Other local ethnicity | #9494AF| 11.54| | {{number and percent | 16,197 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Other foreign ethnicity | #ECECF1| 0.02| | {{number and percent | 22 | 140,339 | 2}} }}{{bar pixel | Not Reported | #E6E6EC| 0.29| | {{number and percent | 413 | 140,339 | 2}} }}

}}}}

{{stack|float=left|

}}{{clear left}}

Based on the 2000 census survey, Kankana-ey comprised {{percent and number|72,694|140,339|2}} of the total provincial population of 140,339. Balangao/Baliwon came in second at {{percent and number|18,886|140,339|2}}, and Bontoc at {{percent and number|17,234|140,339|2}}. Other ethnicities were the Ilocano at {{percent and number|6,968|140,339|2}}, Applai at {{percent and number|2,947|140,339|2}}, Binontok at {{percent and number|2,510|140,339|2}}, and Kalinga at {{percent and number|2,468|140,339|2}}.[16]

{{Further|Kankanaey people|Bontoc people|Balangao people|Igorot people|Ilocano people}}

Religion

Anglicanism predominates in the province with approximately 60% adherence with the other religions such as Roman Catholicism, Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Iglesia Filipina Indepiendente, Iglesia ni Cristo and Free Believers.{{citation needed|date=July 2016}}

Mountain Province is the only predominate Protestant province in the Philippines.

{{clear left}}

Tourism

The province has several rice terraces in seven of its different towns:[7]

{{Div col|colwidth=30em|style=font-size:95%}}
  • Ambasing Rice Terraces — Sagada
  • Bangaan Rice Terraces — Sagada
  • Bangen Rice Terraces — Bauko
  • Barlig Rice Terraces — Barlig
  • Bayyo Rice Terraces — Bontoc
  • Besao Rice Terraces — Besao
  • Bontoc Poblacion Rice Terraces — Bontoc
  • Bucas Rice Terraces — Besao
  • Bulongan Rice Terraces — Sagada
  • Dalican Rice Terraces — Bontoc
  • Fidelisan Rice Terraces — Sagada
  • Focong Rice Terraces — Sadanga
  • Kapayawan Rice Terraces — Bauko
  • Kiltepan Rice Terraces — Sagada
  • Maligcong Rice Terraces — Bontoc
  • Natonin Rice Terraces — Natonin
  • Sadanga Rice Terraces — Sadanga
  • Suyo Rice Terraces — Sagada
  • Tanulong Rice Terraces — Sagada

The mountainous province also offers excellent mountain climbing experiences with two of its mountains among the top 10 highest points in the Philippines:

  • Mount Kalawitan, 2,714+msl - Sabangan
  • Mount Amuyao or Mount Finaroy, 2,702+msl - Barlig
{{div col end}}

Government

List of former governors

  • 2001–2004 — Sario M. Malinias
  • 2004–2010 — Maximo B. Dalog
  • 2010–2016 — Leonard G. Mayaen
  • 2016 — Present - Bonifacio C. Lacwasan Jr.

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=List of Provinces |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=23 December 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Worcester|first1=Dean C.|last2=Philippine Commission|title=Seventh Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior to the Philippine Commission for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1908|date=1908|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|location=Manila|pages=17–19|url=https://archive.org/stream/report00integoog/report00integoog_djvu.txt|accessdate=2 January 2015|archiveurl=https://archive.org/stream/report00integoog/report00integoog_djvu.txt|archivedate=23 Nov 2005|format=Digitized by Google on 23 Nov 2005 (Original file from the University of Michigan)|quote=([{{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=68VyqI5KpVsC }} Google Books link])}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Keesing|first1=Felix Maxwell|last2=Keesing|first2=Marie Margaret|last3=Keesing|first3=Marie Martin|last4=Institute of Pacific Relations (contributor)|last5=International Research Committee (contributor)|title=Taming Philippine Headhunters: A Study of Government and of Cultural Change in Northern Luzon|date=1934|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804721103|page=69|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=A0OsAAAAIAAJ }} |accessdate=2 January 2015}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Lancion, Jr.|first1=Conrado M.|last2=de Guzman|first2=Rey (cartography)|title=Fast Facts about Philippine Provinces|date=1995|publisher=Tahanan Books|location=Makati, Metro Manila|isbn=971-630-037-9|pages=108–109|edition=The 2000 Millenium|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=r0EOAQAAMAAJ }} |accessdate=16 January 2015|chapter=The Provinces}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Natural Attractions found in Atok|url=http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261&Itemid=275|publisher=Province of Benguet|accessdate=13 August 2013}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Mt. Province|url=http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=Mt.Province&func=all&pid=415|work=VisitMyPhilippines.com The Ultimate Travel Guide for Tourists|publisher=Department of Tourism|accessdate=23 December 2013}}
7. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Facts & Figures: Mountain Province|url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/fnf_mprov.htm|website=Philippine Statistics Authority - National Statistical Coordination Board - Cordillera Administrative Region|accessdate=22 October 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207000000/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/rucar/fnf_mprov.htm|archivedate=7 February 2018|df=}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Benguet History|url=http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?Itemid=268|website=Province of Benguet (official website)|accessdate=22 October 2014|quote=Benguet was once part of Mountain Province.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019211257/http://www.benguet.gov.ph/index.php?Itemid=268|archivedate=19 October 2014|df=}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last1=Ingles|first1=Raul Rafael|title=1908 :The Way it Really was : Historical Journal for the UP Centennial, 1908-2008|date=2008|publisher=University of the Philippines Press|location=Diliman, Quezon City|isbn=9789715425803|page=339|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=lGHghPeg7qIC }} |accessdate=22 October 2014}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Act No. 1876|url=http://philippinelaw.info/statutes/act1876.html|website=PhilippineLaw.info|accessdate=22 October 2014|date=18 August 1908}}
11. ^{{cite book|last1=Philippines. Census Office|last2=Buencamino|first2=Felipe|last3=Villamor|first3=Ignacio|title=Census of the Philippine Islands Taken Under the Direction of the Philippine Legislature in the Year 1918, Volume 1|date=1920|publisher=Bureau of printing|page=68|url={{Google books |plainurl=yes |id=BZ8wAQAAIAAJ }} }}
12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Cordillera Administrative Region History|url=http://cordilleraconnection.blogspot.com/2009/08/cordillera-administrative-region.html|website=Cordillera Connection (Blogspot)|accessdate=22 October 2014|date=14 August 2009}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|title=Republic Act No. 4695: An Act Creating the Provinces of Benguet, Mountain Province, Ifugao and Kalinga-Apayao|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno4695.html|website=Chan Robles Virtual Law Library|accessdate=22 October 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Regional Profile: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)|url=http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=14|website=CountrySTAT Philippines|accessdate=22 October 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022184555/http://countrystat.bas.gov.ph/?cont=16&r=14|archivedate=22 October 2014|df=}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)|url=http://ati.da.gov.ph/car/about/cordillera-administrative-region-car|website=Department of Agriculture|accessdate=22 October 2014}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|title=Mountain Province – Home of the Kankanais; Table 4. Household Population by Ethnicity and Sex: Mountain Province, 2000|url=https://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr0212tx.html|website=Philippine Statistics Authority|accessdate=27 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020615185430/http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2002/pr0212tx.html|archivedate=15 June 2002|date=6 February 2002}}

External links

{{GeoGroup}}
  • {{Commons category-inline}}
  • {{OSM relation|52301}}
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Mountain Province
| North = Kalinga
| East = Isabela
| South = Ifugao
| Southwest = Benguet
| West = Ilocos Sur
| Northwest = Abra
}}{{Mountain Province|state=expanded}}{{Navboxes
|title = Articles related to Mountain Province
|list1 ={{Cordillera Administrative Region}}{{Philippines political divisions}}{{Philippines topics}}
}}

4 : Provinces of the Philippines|Mountain Province|States and territories established in 1908|1908 establishments in the Philippines
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