| 词条 | Mount Emei | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Mount Emei | other_name = Emei Shan | photo = Mount Emei pic 1.jpg | photo_size = 250 | photo_caption = | elevation_m = 3099 | prominence_m = 1069 | map = Sichuan | map_relief = 1 | map_size = 250 | label_position = left | location = Emeishan City, Sichuan | range = | coordinates = {{coord|29|31|11|N|103|19|57|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | first_ascent = | easiest_route = | embedded = {{designation list | embed=yes | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area | designation1_date = 1996 (20th session) | designation1_type = Mixed | designation1_criteria = iv, vi, x | designation1_number = 779 | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = {{PRC}} | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = Asia-Pacific }} }}{{Infobox Chinese |pic=Emei_shan_(Chinese_characters).svg |piccap="Mount Emei" in Chinese characters |picsize=135px |c=峨眉山[1] |p=Éméi shān |w=E2-mei2 shan1 |gr=Ermei shan |mi={{IPAc-cmn|e|2|.|m|ei|2|-|sh|an|1}} |wuu=Ngu去 me去 sae平 |j=Ngo4-mei4 saan1 |y=Ngòh-mèih sāan |poj=Ngô-ba̍k-soaⁿ }}{{Chinese martial arts}}Mount Emei ({{IPAc-cmn|e|2|.|m|ei|2}}; {{zh|c=峨眉山[1]|p=Éméi shān}}) is a mountain in Sichuan Province, China, and is one of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China. Mt. Emei sits at the western rim of the Sichuan Basin. The mountains west of it are known as Daxiangling.[2] A large surrounding area of countryside is geologically known as the Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province, a large igneous province generated by the Emeishan Traps volcanic eruptions during the Permian Period. At {{convert|3099|m|ft|0}}, Mt. Emei is the highest of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China.[4] Administratively, Mt. Emei is located near the county-level city of the same name (Emeishan City), which is in turn part of the prefecture-level city of Leshan. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.[3] As a sacred mountainMount Emei is one of the Four Sacred Buddhist Mountains of China, and is traditionally regarded as the bodhimaṇḍa, or place of enlightenment, of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra. Samantabhadra is known in Mandarin as Pǔxián Púsà ({{lang|zh-hans|普賢菩薩}}). Sources of the 16th and 17th centuries allude to the practice of martial arts in the monasteries of Mount Emei[4] made the earliest extant reference to the Shaolin Monastery as Chinese boxing's place of origin.[5] Buddhist architecture on EmeiThis is the location of the first Buddhist temple built in China in the 1st century CE.[3] The site has seventy-six Buddhist monasteries of the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of them located near the mountain top. The monasteries demonstrate a flexible architectural style that adapts to the landscape. Some, such as the halls of Baoguosi, are built on terraces of varying levels, while others, including the structures of Leiyinsi, are on raised stilts. Here the fixed plans of Buddhist monasteries of earlier periods were modified or ignored in order to make full use of the natural scenery. The buildings of Qingyinge are laid out in an irregular plot on the narrow piece of land between the Black Dragon River and the White Dragon River. The site is large and the winding footpath is {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}}, taking several days to walk.[6] Cable cars ease the ascent to the two temples at Jinding (3,077 m), an hour's hike from the mountain's peak.[7][8]ClimateThe summit of Mount Emei has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen Dwc), with long, cold (but not severely so) winters, and short, cool summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−5.7|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|11.6|°C|1}} in July, and the annual mean is {{convert|3.07|°C|1}}. Precipitation is common year-round (occurring on more than 250 days), but due to the influence of the monsoon, rainfall is especially heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from June to September. {{Weather box|width=auto|metric first=y |single line=y |location = Mount Emei (1971−2000) |Jan record high C = 16.7 |Feb record high C = 18.5 |Mar record high C = 20.5 |Apr record high C = 22.7 |May record high C = 21.7 |Jun record high C = 22.5 |Jul record high C = 22.1 |Aug record high C = 21.5 |Sep record high C = 19.8 |Oct record high C = 19.3 |Nov record high C = 19.5 |Dec record high C = 16.3 |year record high C= 22.7 |Jan high C = −0.3 |Feb high C = 0.4 |Mar high C = 4.1 |Apr high C = 7.8 |May high C = 10.5 |Jun high C = 12.9 |Jul high C = 15.2 |Aug high C = 14.9 |Sep high C = 11.2 |Oct high C = 7.2 |Nov high C = 4.0 |Dec high C = 1.6 |year high C = 7.5 |Jan mean C = -5.7 |Feb mean C = -4.9 |Mar mean C = -1.3 |Apr mean C = 2.9 |May mean C = 6.3 |Jun mean C = 9.3 |Jul mean C = 11.6 |Aug mean C = 11.2 |Sep mean C = 7.7 |Oct mean C = 3.5 |Nov mean C = -0.3 |Dec mean C = -3.5 |year mean C = 3.1 |Jan low C = −9.2 |Feb low C = −8.1 |Mar low C = −4.8 |Apr low C = −0.3 |May low C = 3.6 |Jun low C = 6.8 |Jul low C = 9.2 |Aug low C = 9.0 |Sep low C = 5.5 |Oct low C = 1.2 |Nov low C = −3.2 |Dec low C = −6.8 |year low C = 0.2 |Jan record low C = −19.2 |Feb record low C = −19.1 |Mar record low C = −17.2 |Apr record low C = −9.8 |May record low C = −7.4 |Jun record low C = −0.2 |Jul record low C = 2.1 |Aug record low C = 2.8 |Sep record low C = −3.5 |Oct record low C = −11.1 |Nov record low C = −14.7 |Dec record low C = −19.7 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm = 15.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 23.8 |Mar precipitation mm = 50.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 112.1 |May precipitation mm = 161.6 |Jun precipitation mm = 220.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 366.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 428.4 |Sep precipitation mm = 210.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 101.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 42.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 16.0 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 16.9 |Feb precipitation days = 19.1 |Mar precipitation days = 22.3 |Apr precipitation days = 22.3 |May precipitation days = 23.2 |Jun precipitation days = 23.6 |Jul precipitation days = 22.7 |Aug precipitation days = 21.9 |Sep precipitation days = 23.8 |Oct precipitation days = 24.7 |Nov precipitation days = 20.0 |Dec precipitation days = 15.1 |source 1 = Weather China }} Indigenous animalsVisitors to Mount Emei will likely see dozens of Tibetan macaques who can often be viewed taking food from tourists. Local merchants sell nuts for tourists to feed the monkeys. Other featured animals includes Rana adenopleura, Vibrissaphora liui and Pheretima praepinguis FloraMount Emei is known for its high level of endemism and approximately 200 plant species in various plant families have been described from this mountain. GallerySee also
References1. ^1 In the name "Emei", the character méi 眉 is sometimes written 嵋. 2. ^E.g., 实用中国地图集 (Shiyong Zhongguo Dituji, "Practical Atlas of China"), 2008, {{ISBN|978-7-5031-4772-2}}; map of Sichuan on pp. 142-143 3. ^1 {{cite web|year=|month=|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/779|title=Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=2007-09-06 }} 4. ^{{cite book | author = Zhāng Kǒngzhāo 張孔昭 | title = Boxing Classic: Essential Boxing Methods 拳經拳法備要 Quánjīng Quánfǎ Bèiyào | language = Chinese | year = c. 1784}} 5. ^{{cite journal | first = Stanley E. | last = Henning | date = Fall 1999 | title = Academia Encounters the Chinese Martial Arts | journal = China Review International | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 319–332 | url = | doi = 10.1353/cri.1999.0020 | issn = 1069-5834 }}. 6. ^{{cite book| first=Sun| last= Dazhang| year= 2002| title=Chinese Architecture -- The Qing Dynasty| edition= English| publisher=Yale University Press| location=| pages= 328–329| isbn= 0-300-09559-7 }} 7. ^1 Hayes, Holly (2009) Emei Shan, Sacred Destinations. Updated 24 July 2009. 8. ^Gluckman, Ron (2002). Getting to the Top, Silk Road, December 2002. Hong Kong; Dragon Airlines. External links{{Commons category|Mount Emei}}{{Wikivoyage|Mount Emei}}
10 : Chinese Buddhist grottoes|Mountains of Sichuan|National parks of China|World Heritage Sites in China|Chinese architectural history|Sacred Mountains of China|Tourist attractions in Sichuan|Religion in Sichuan|Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Sichuan|Buddhist sites in China |
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