“Toyota NR engine”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Toyota NR engine family is series of small inline four piston engines by Toyota, with capacities between {{convert|1197|and|1498|cc|L|1|disp=flip}}.

Common features of this series

The NR series uses aluminum engine blocks and DOHC cylinder heads. It also uses multi-point or direct fuel injection and has four valves per cylinder. The 1NR, 2NR, 3NR, 4NR, 5NR, 6NR, and 7NR engines have Dual VVT-i standard and the 8NR engine has VVT-iW, enabling it to operate in the Otto cycle as well as a modified-Atkinson cycle to improve thermal efficiency.

1NR-FE

The 1NR-FE is a compact inline four piston engine featuring "Stop & Start" technology and Dual VVT-i. It was introduced into European market in late 2008 with the Yaris XP9F. Improved engine performance combined with low emissions and fuel consumption was the principal aim during its development.

Advanced engineering has been applied throughout the 1NR-FE engine. Toyota engineers streamlined the engine's intake channel, used computer simulation to optimise airflow, smoothened all surfaces for less turbulence and rounded off all angles and sharp edges inside the engine. One of the key elements of the 1NR-FE engine is its piston design. Smaller and lighter than on the previous {{convert|1329|cc|L|order=flip|abbr=on|1}} unit, they are designed with a smaller contact area and use carbon ceramide, an advanced material commonly used in Formula One engineering, to reduce friction. The engine also features cooled exhaust gas recirculation (cold area specification models only) to reduce pumping losses and reduce {{NOx}} emissions.

1NR-VE

The new 1NR-VE engine was improvised by Daihatsu for the Toyota Avanza and Daihatsu Xenia, and then later used by Perodua for the Perodua Bezza, which is based on the 1.3-liter 1NR-FE. It has ECE fuel consumption figures of {{convert|21.7|km/L|L/100km mpgus mpgimp|abbr=on|}} for the manual variant and {{convert|21|km/L|L/100km mpgus mpgimp|abbr=on|}} for the automatic. The engine produces 69kW (93 bhp) and 121 Nm of torque.

The Perodua Bezza Advance variant and all variants of the new third generation Myvi are capable of {{convert|22|km/L|L/100km mpgus mpgimp|abbr=on|}}, courtesy of the new Eco Idle stop-start system and regenerative braking better than the previous generation engines.

1NR-FBE

Fitted to the Toyota Etios hatchback made in Brazil, available only as a flexfuel, without VVT-i. Replaced by a flexfuel version of the 1NR-FKE in 2016.

1NR-FKE

The 1NR-FKE is a variant of the 1NR-FE introduced in the second quarter of 2014.^[2] Toyota claims it will have a maximum thermal efficiency of 38 percent.

Major feature, this 1.3-liter gasoline engine is employing the Atkinson cycle like hybrid-dedicated Toyota engines. The maximum torque is lesser, but, this time, the maximum output is not reduced. Valves are driven with Variable Valve Timing-intelligent Electric VVT-iE. The intake port has a new shape that generates a strong vertical tumble flow.

Combustion is improved, and loss reduced. Toyota says that with idling stop and other functions, it will lead to fuel efficiency gains of approximately 15 percent.

2NR-FE

A {{convert|1496|cc|L|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} variant of the NR series engine. First introduced in the fourth quarter of 2010 for the Toyota Etios. It is the first new engine Toyota developed for over 8 years without VVT-i. Done to reduce cost for the low-cost Toyota Etios. A new innovation that made its introduction on this engine is the integration of the exhaust manifold into the cylinder head^[5] to reduce emissions. A dual VVT-i equipped version was later introduced and first used in Toyota Avanza and in many 1.5L models in the Asian market.^[1]

2NR-VE

The new 2NR-VE engine was improvised by Daihatsu for the Toyota Avanza 1.5 litre models, which is based on the 1.5-liter 2NR-FE engine. Unlike the original 2NR-FE that is mated to the Toyota Sienta, which is using an aluminium block and is positioned transversely, the 2NR-VE that is commonly found on the 1.5-liter Avanza is still using high-tensile steel like its predecessor, the 3SZ-VE engine, and is positioned longitudinally. Thus, the 2NR-VE in the Avanza is Rear-wheel drive.^[6]. The all new third generation Perodua Myvi revised this engine and installed the new Eco Idle stop-start system which was implemented in Perodua Bezza before to enhance fuel efficiency than before.

2NR-FBE

A flex fuel engine for the Etios in Brazil. It can run on petrol or any mixture of petrol and ethanol, up to full ethanol (E100).

2NR-FKE

Implements variable valve timing system VVT-iE and engine operation by Miller / Atkinson cycle.^[7]

3NR-FE

A {{convert|1197|cc|L|1|order=flip|abbr=on}} variant of the NR series engine. First introduced in the second quarter of 2011 for the Etios Liva. For development Toyota build 3NR-FE with Dual VVT-i mechanism and increasing compression ratio to 11.5:1 for Toyota Yaris (Thailand).

4NR-FE

A {{convert|1329|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} variant of the NR series engine. First introduced for the third generation Toyota Vios.

5NR-FE

A {{convert|1496|cc|L|1|disp=flip|abbr=on}} variant of the NR series engine. First introduced for the third generation Toyota Vios.

6NR-FE

A {{convert|1329|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} variant of the NR series engine. First introduced for the third generation Toyota Yaris.

7NR-FE

A {{convert|1496|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} variant of the NR series engine. First introduced for the third generation Toyota Yaris.

8NR-FTS

A {{convert|1197|cc|L|1|abbr=on|disp=flip}} turbocharged variant of the NR series engine. First introduced in the Toyota Auris in 2015.^[10] It uses direct injection.

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://autonetmagz.com/ini-dia-detail-spesifikasi-mesin-dan-fitur-baru-toyota-grand-new-avanza-dan-veloz/32358/ |title=Ini Dia Detail Spesifikasi Mesin dan Fitur Baru Toyota Grand New Avanza dan Veloz |trans-title=Toyota Avanza New Features, Engine Details & Specifications |first=Hillarius |last=Satrio |work=AutonetMagz |location=Indonesia |language=Indonesian |date=2015-07-24 |accessdate=2015-07-24}}
2. ^{{cite press release |url=http://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/detail/1693527/] |title=Toyota Develops Engines with Improved Thermal, Fuel Efficiency |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |date=2014-04-10 |access-date=2018-06-23}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://toyota.jp/vitz/003_p_010/spec/spec/2wd/ |title=Japanese specs of Toyota Vitz |access-date=2014-04-30 |publisher=Toyota |location=Japan |language=Japanese |dead-url=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425090019/http://toyota.jp/vitz/003_p_010/spec/spec/2wd/ |archivedate=2014-04-25 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fhi.co.jp/news/14_04_06/14_05_12_98706.html |title=Improvement of Subaru Tresia |publisher=Subaru |location=Japan |date=May 2014 |dead-url=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104029/http://www.fhi.co.jp/news/14_04_06/14_05_12_98706.html |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.toyotaetios.in/qclass_performance.htm |title=TOYOTA - ETIOS Q Class |publisher=Toyota |location=India |access-date=2011-01-16 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221070932/http://www.toyotaetios.in/qclass_performance.htm |archive-date=2010-12-21}} Toyota Etios Launch Site
6. ^{{cite news |url=http://otomotif.kompas.com/read/2016/04/08/083200215/Bedanya.Mesin.Sienta.dengan.Avanza |title=Bedanya Mesin Sienta dengan Avanza |trans-title=The difference between the Sienta and the Avanza |first=Febri Ardani |last=Saragih |work=Kompas |language=Indonesian |location=Indonesia |date=2016-04-08 |access-date=2018-06-23}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://toyota-club.net/files/faq/13-01-01_faq_nr-engine_eng.htm#2NR-FKE |title=Toyota NR series engines |website=toyota-club.net |location=Russia |date=February 2016 |access-date=2018-06-23}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=https://minkara.carview.co.jp/car/toyota/corolla_axio/spec/unit129684/%3Fsls=24474&ti=129684&usg=ALkJrhiPFGomHzjIAzsYsTMIL9QQ0wA8Og |title=カローラアクシオ/トヨタ｜スペック詳細 - みんカラ (1.5G (CVT_1.5)) |trans-title=Corolla Axio / Toyota {{!}} Specs Details - Minkara (1.5 G (CVT - 1.5)) |work=Minkara |language=Japanese |location=Japan |date=April 2015 |access-date=2018-06-23}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.toyota.fr/download/cms/frfr/Brochure_Yaris_06-2018_Web_tcm-18-94591.pdf |title=TOUJOURS MIEUX – TOUJOURS PLUS LOIN |trans-title=Always better – always further |publisher=Toyota |location=France |language=French |date=June 2018 |access-date=2018-06-23}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.autoevolution.com/news/toyota-8nr-fts-12l-turbo-engine-detailed-94147.html |title=Toyota 8NR-FTS 1.2L Turbo Engine Detailed |first=Mircea |last=Panait |work=autoevolution |date=2015-04-06 |accessdate=2015-04-15}}