| 词条 | Tracy Putnam |
| 释义 |
EducationPutnam graduated from Harvard College in 1915, and then from Harvard Medical School in 1920.[2] CareerPutnam worked for the Boston City Hospital and in the New York Neurological Institute at Columbia University. He was promoted to director after his work with phenytoin.[3] At his time there were quotas for Jewish physicians. He opposed the existence of the quotas. He was forced to resign from Columbia in 1947, maybe because of this.[4] However, other sources mention a "personal tragedy" Putnam went through at that time (presumably the death of his daughter, Lucy Washburn Putnam, on September 24, 1947[5]), after which he resigned from Columbia and abandoned all scientific activities.[6] He studied multiple sclerosis together with Alexandra Adler.[7] He was one of the first persons to propose, as early as the 1930s, a vascular cause for multiple sclerosis,[8] resurrecting the previous works of Eduard von Rindfleisch. The idea remained obscure until the syndrome of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was associated with multiple sclerosis in 2008. References1. ^Lewis P. Rowland, The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt: Modern Neurology in the United States, Arch Neurol. 2009; 66(3):415. {{DEFAULTSORT:Putnam, Tracy}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.societyns.org/society/bio.aspx?MemberID=2839|title=The Society of Neurological Surgeons|website=Societyns.org|accessdate=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180829110230/http://www.societyns.org/society/bio.aspx?MemberID=2839|archive-date=2018-08-29|dead-url=no|df=}} 3. ^Lewis P. Rowland, The Legacy of Tracy J. Putnam and H. Houston Merritt: Modern Neurology in the United States, N Engl J Med 2009; 360:941–942, February 26, 2009 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26quot.html|title=When Jewish Doctors Faced Quotas, a Pose in Defiance|first=Barron H.|last=Lerner|website=Nytimes.com|accessdate=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127113821/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/health/26quot.html|archive-date=2018-01-27|dead-url=no|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://alums.vassar.edu/connect/class/1940s/1948-9/index.html#cca-memoriam|title=1948/49 - Office of Alumnae/i Affairs & Development (OAAD) - Vassar College|website=Alums.vassar.edu|accessdate=20 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817174017/http://alums.vassar.edu/connect/class/1940s/1948-9/index.html#cca-memoriam|archive-date=2015-08-17|dead-url=no|df=}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.ilae.org/visitors/Documents/PutnamTJ1894-1975andHoustonMerritt1902-1979refere.pdf |title={title} |access-date=2013-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407062219/http://www.ilae.org/visitors/Documents/PutnamTJ1894-1975andHoustonMerritt1902-1979refere.pdf |archive-date=2014-04-07 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 7. ^Putnam T and Adler A: Vascular architecture of the lesions of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol Psychiat 1937; 38:1 8. ^Putnam T: Evidences of vascular occlusion in multiple sclerosis and encephalomyelitis. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1937; 37(6):1298–1321. 9 : 1975 deaths|1894 births|Harvard Medical School alumni|Harvard University alumni|Place of birth missing|Place of death missing|Nationality missing|American neuroscientists|Jewish physicians |
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