| 词条 | Trams in Antwerp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| color = | name = Antwerp tramway network | system = | logo = | image = File:De Lijn Albatros 5-delig Lijn 10.jpg | caption = An Albatros tram in Antwerp, 2016. | locale = Antwerp, Belgium | era1_name = Horsecar | era1_start_year = {{Start date|1873}} | era1_end_year = ca. {{End date|1902}} | era1_state = show | era1_system = | era1_status = Converted to electricity | era1_lines = | era1_owner = | era1_operator = Eight separate companies | era1_gauge = {{RailGauge|1000mm}} | era1_propulsion_system = Horses | era1_depot = | era1_stock = | era1_single_track_length = | era1_double_track_length = | era1_total_track_length = | era1_route_length = | era1_pass_year = | era1_passengers = | era1_pass_percent = | era1_pass_system = | era1_mpassengers = | era1_map = | era1_website = | era2_name = Electric tram | era2_start_year = since {{Start date|1902}} | era2_end_year = | era2_state = show | era2_system = | era2_status = Operational | era2_lines = 14 (total line length {{convert|116.6|km|mi|abbr=on}}) | era2_owner = | era2_operator = {{Interlanguage link multi|Compagnie générale des tramways d'Anvers|fr|3=Compagnie générale des tramways d'Anvers}} (CGTA) {{nowrap|(1902–1927)}} {{Interlanguage link multi|Société anonyme des Tramways d'Anvers|fr|3=Compagnie générale des tramways d'Anvers}} {{nowrap|(1927–1962)}} {{Interlanguage link multi|Maatschappij voor het Intercommunaal Vervoer te Antwerpen|nl|3=Maatschappij voor het Intercommunaal Vervoer te Antwerpen}} (MIVA) {{nowrap|(1963–1991)}} De Lijn {{nowrap|(since 1991)}} | era2_gauge = {{RailGauge|1000mm}} | era2_propulsion_system = Electricity | era2_el = 600 V DC | era2_depot = | era2_stock = | era2_single_track_length = | era2_double_track_length = | era2_total_track_length = | era2_route_length = | era2_pass_year = | era2_passengers = | era3_pass_percent = | era2_pass_system = | era2_mpassengers = | era2_map = | era2_website = http://www.delijn.be/en/index.htm De Lijn {{en icon}} }} The Antwerp tramway network ({{lang-nl|het Antwerpse tramnet}}) is a network of tramways forming part of the public transport system in Antwerp, a city in the Flemish region of Belgium. The network is operated by the Flemish region's transportation company De Lijn. As of April 2017, it featured fourteen lines, eight of which pass partially underground (known as Antwerp Pre-metro). General descriptionAntwerp tram system features segment of different characteristics, from following along with street traffic to underground tunnels, which do not differ much from subway rail setup — {{RailGauge|1000mm}} track gauge, 600 volts catenary power feed. The tram network is connected to the Flemish Tram and Bus Museum and heritage rides are regularly organised over the network with historical vehicles. Horse trams, and OmnibusHorse-drawn trams were the predecessor of nowadays electric trams. The first order for the existence of the «American Tram» (fr. Tramway Américain), as the horse tram was referred that time, was addressed to the citywide proprietors Ed. Paujaurd’hui and A. Edvard still on June 27, 1865, however just 6 years later (March 14, 1871) city council allowed the construction of tram lines. The first horse tram line opened in Antwerp on May 25, 1873. It linked church in Berchem district with Meir avenue in the city center. Nine years later, there were already 9 lines of horse-drawn tram in Antwerp. There was also one omnibus route there. The public transport of Antwerp was exploited by 9 different companies. One of them operated omnibus, other eight — various horse tram routes. ElectrificationThe work permit for electrifying the tram system was granted by CGTA on March 12, 1902 just after half year form applying. (November 22, 1901). Along with electrification it was planned to rebuild lines from {{RailGauge|1435mm}} gauge to {{RailGauge|1000mm}}. The works started on the omnibus route Draakplaats — Grote Markt (now - route № 11). In fact this is the first tram line which stated to work, since omnibuses are road transport, rather than rail transport. Therefore, there were no infrastructure built before electrifying this line. On May 6, 1902 along the way of the former omnibus route, tracks were laid, from Draakplaats to Nieuwstraat. After that the tracks started to be rebuilt along with the electrification of the horse-drawn line on the boulevard ring (Leien). For a time of work, omnibuses which became unused temporarily replaced horse-drawn cars. On July 9, 1902 horse drawn cars started to move on a former omnibus route segment from Nieuwstraat to Grote Markt. The first gantry for an electric tram line was installed on June 10, 1902 on the Kunstlei boulevard (now Frankrijklei), between the crossing of streets De Keyserlei Gemeenteplaats (Fr. Rooseveltplaats). On August 13, 1902 the catenary was connected to the temporary electric power substation, which was erected in a tram depot on Boudewijnstraat. Then the electric tram test rides started. The normal operation of an electric tram started on September 2, 1902. First there was a mix of electric trams and horse cars on the line. And then, the horse-drawn trams left the boulevards of Antwerp - forever. Tram lines since 20 June 2018There are currently many roadworks and changes going on in Antwerp, the tramlines have constant small changes every month, this information may be outdated.
Rolling stockIn August 2012, De Lijn ordered a fleet of Flexity 2 trams from Bombardier, including 28 for Antwerp. These would replace many of the older PCC trams, and displace Hermelijn trams onto other routes.[1] PCC cars are regularly used in coupled pairs. On 6 November 2017, De Lijn started testing so-called "mega-trams" consisting of two Hermelijnen coupled together, on route 3. The resulting trains are 61 metres long and can carry 500 passengers. Their use would increase the capacity of the underground sections of the line where the minimum headway has already reached its limit of 2 minutes. They may be introduced into service at the start of 2018.[2] See also{{portal|Trains|Belgium}}
References1. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban-rail/single-view/view/de-lijn-orders-flexity-2-trams-for-antwerpen-and-gent.html |title=De Lijn orders Flexity 2 trams for Antwerpen and Gent |journal=Railway Gazette International |accessdate=20 August 2012}} {{Antwerp}}{{Transport in Belgium}}2. ^http://www.standaard.be/cnt/dmf20171106_03172025 5 : Public transport in Antwerp|Tram transport in Belgium|Metre gauge railways in Belgium|600 V DC railway electrification|Town tramway systems by city |
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