“Mouse-eared bat”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Mouse-eared bat

释义

Relationships
Appearance and behavior
Longevity
Species
See also
Notes
References
Literature cited
External links

{{For|the species sometimes known as the mouse-eared bat|Greater mouse-eared bat}}{{Automatic Taxobox
| name = Mouse-eared bats
| image = Myotis mystacinus.jpg
| image_caption = Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus)
| parent_authority = Tate, 1942
| taxon = Myotis
| authority = Kaup, 1829
| type_species = Vespertilio myotis
| type_species_authority = Borkhausen, 1797
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}

The mouse-eared bats (Myotis) are a diverse and widespread genus of bats within the family Vespertilionidae.

Relationships

Myotis has historically been included in the subfamily Vespertilioninae, but was classified in its own subfamily, Myotinae, by Nancy Simmons in 1998. In her 2005 classification in Mammal Species of the World, Simmons listed the genera Cistugo and Lasionycteris in Myotinae in addition to Myotis itself.^[1] However, molecular data indicate that Cistugo is distantly related to all other Vespertilionidae, so that it was reclassified into its own family Cistugidae,^[2] and that Lasionycteris belongs in Vespertilioninae.^[3] Thus, Myotis is the only remaining genus within Myotinae.^[3]

Appearance and behavior

Ears are normally longer than they are wide, with a long and lance-shaped tragus, and thence the English and zoological names (in Greek, myotis and myosotis mean "mouse-ear"). The species within this genus vary in size from very large to very small for vesper bats, with a single pair of mammary glands.

Mouse-eared bats are generally insectivores. M. vivesi, as well as several members of the trawling bat subgenus Leuconoe, have relatively large feet with long toes, and will take small fish from the water surface (they also take insects).^[4]

Longevity

Myotis species are remarkably long-lived for their size; in 2018, researchers at University College Dublin revealed that a longitudinal study appears to indicate that Myotis telomeres do not shrink with age, and that telomerase does not appear to be present in the Myotis metabolism.^[5]^[6]

Species

{{cladogram|align=right
|caption=Relationships among Myotis species according to molecular data^[7]
|clades={{clade
|label1=Myotis
|1={{clade
|1=Myotis latirostris
|2={{clade
|1=Most Old World species
|2={{clade
|1=Most Nearctic species
|2={{clade
|1=Myotis brandtii
|2=Neotropical and some Nearctic species

            }}         }}      }}   }}

}}
}}

Traditionally, Myotis has been divided into three large subgenera—Leuconoe, Myotis, and Selysius. However, molecular data indicate that these subgenera are not natural groups, but instead unnatural assemblages of convergently similar species.^[8] Instead, Myotis species largely fall in two main clades, one containing Old World and the other New World species.^[7] However, the Asian species Myotis latirostris falls outside the clade formed by these main groups, and may represent a separate genus,^[9] and the Eurasian Myotis brandtii is related to New World species.^[10]

Myotis is a highly species-rich genus, and the classification of many species remains unsettled. In the below list, all differences in taxonomy from the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World,^[11] are indicated in footnotes.

Myotis adversus (Horsfield, 1824) - large-footed bat, large-footed mouse-eared bat, large-footed myotis
Myotis aelleni (Baud, 1979) - southern myotis
Myotis albescens (E. Geoffroy, 1806) - silver-tipped myotis
Myotis alcathoe (von Helversen and Heller, 2001) - Alcathoe bat
Myotis altarium (Thomas, 1911) - Szechwan myotis
Myotis anjouanensis (Dorst, 1960) - Anjouan myotis
Myotis annamiticus (Kruskop and Tsytsulina, 2001) - Annamit myotis
Myotis annectans (Dobson, 1871) - hairy-faced bat
Myotis atacamensis (Lataste, 1892) - Atacama myotis
Myotis ater (Peters, 1866) - Peters's myotis, small black myotis
Myotis attenboroughi Moratelli et al., 2017{{#tag:ref|Split from M. nigricans (Moratelli et al., 2017).|group=footnote}} - Sir David Attenborough's myotis
Myotis aurascens (Kuzyakin, 1935){{#tag:ref|Split from M. mystacinus (Mayer et al., 2007).|group=footnote}}
Myotis auriculus (Baker and Stains, 1955) - southwestern myotis
Myotis australis (Dobson, 1878) - Australian myotis
Myotis austroriparius (Rhoads, 1897) - southeastern myotis
Myotis bechsteinii (Kuhl, 1817) - Bechstein's bat
Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) - lesser mouse-eared bat
Myotis bocagii (Peters, 1870) - rufous mouse-eared bat
Myotis bombinus (Thomas, 1906) - Far Eastern myotis, bombinus bat
Myotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845) - Brandt's bat
Myotis bucharensis (Kuzyakin, 1950) - Bocharic myotis, Bokhara whiskered bat
Myotis californicus (Audubon and Bachman, 1842) - California myotis
Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837) - long-fingered bat
Myotis chiloensis (Waterhouse, 1840) - Chilean myotis
Myotis chinensis (Tomes, 1857) - large myotis
Myotis ciliolabrum (Merriam, 1886) - western small-footed bat, western small-footed myotis
Myotis cobanensis (Goodwin, 1955) - Guatemalan myotis
Myotis crypticus Ruedi, Ibáñez, Salicini, Juste & Puechmaille, 2019 - cryptic myotis
Myotis csorbai (Topál, 1997) - Csorba's mouse-eared bat
Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825) - pond bat
Myotis daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) - Daubenton's bat
Myotis davidii (Peters, 1869) - David's myotis
Myotis dieteri (Happold, 2005){{#tag:ref|A new species (Happold, 2005).|group=footnote}} - Kock's mouse-eared bat
Myotis diminutus Moratelli & Wilson, 2011
Myotis dominicensis Miller, 1902 - Dominican myotis
Myotis elegans Hall, 1962 - elegant myotis
Myotis emarginatus (E. Geoffroy, 1806) - Geoffroy's bat
Myotis escalerai Cabrera, 1904{{#tag:ref|Split from M. nattereri (Ibáñez et al., 2006).|group=footnote}} - Escalera's bat
Myotis evotis (H. Allen, 1864) - long-eared myotis
Myotis fimbriatus (Peters, 1871) - fringed long-footed myotis
Myotis findleyi Bogan, 1978 - Findley's myotis
Myotis flavus Shamel, 1944{{#tag:ref|Split from M. formosus (Jiang et al., 2010).|group=footnote}}
Myotis formosus (Hodgson, 1835) - Hodgson's bat, copper-winged bat
Myotis fortidens Miller and Allen, 1928 - cinnamon myotis
Myotis frater G.M. Allen, 1923 - fraternal myotis
Myotis gomantongensis Francis and Hill, 1998 - Gomantong myotis
Myotis goudoti (A. Smith, 1834) - Malagasy mouse-eared bat
Myotis gracilis Ognev, 1927{{#tag:ref|Split from M. brandtii (Ohdachi et al., The Wild Mammals of Japan, 2009).|group=footnote}}
Myotis grisescens A.H. Howell, 1909 - gray bat
Myotis hajastanicus Argyropulo, 1939 - Armenian whiskered bat, Hajastan myotis, Armenian myotis
Myotis hasseltii (Temminck, 1840) - lesser large-footed bat
Myotis hermani Thomas, 1923 - Herman's myotis
Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840) - Horsfield's bat
Myotis ikonnikovi Ognev, 1912 - Ikonnikov's bat
Myotis insularum (Dobson, 1878) - insular myotis
Myotis keaysi J.A. Allen, 1914 - hairy-legged myotis
Myotis keenii (Merriam, 1895) - Keen's myotis
Myotis laniger Peters, 1871 - Chinese water myotis
Myotis leibii (Audubon and Bachman, 1842) - eastern small-footed bat
Myotis levis (I. Geoffroy, 1824) - yellowish myotis
Myotis longipes (Dobson, 1873) - Kashmir cave bat
Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831) - little brown bat
Myotis macrodactylus (Temminck, 1840) - eastern long-fingered bat, big-footed myotis
Myotis macropus (Gould, 1854) - southern myotis, large-footed myotis
Myotis macrotarsus (Waterhouse, 1845) - pallid large-footed myotis, Philippine large-footed myotis
Myotis martiniquensis LaVal, 1973 - Schwartz's myotis
Myotis melanorhinus Merriam, 1890 - dark-nosed small-footed myotis
Myotis midastactus 2014
Myotis moluccarum (Thomas, 1915) - Maluku myotis, Arafura large-footed bat
Myotis montivagus (Dobson, 1874) - Burmese whiskered bat
Myotis morrisi Hill, 1971 - Morris's bat
Myotis muricola (Gray, 1846) - wall-roosting mouse-eared bat, Nepalese whiskered myotis
Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) - greater mouse-eared bat
Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817) - whiskered bat
Myotis nattereri (Kuhl, 1817) - Natterer's bat
Myotis nesopolus Miller, 1900 - Curacao myotis
Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) - black myotis
Myotis nipalensis Dobson, 1871 - Nepal myotis
Myotis occultus Hollister, 1909 - Arizona myotis
Myotis oreias (Temminck, 1840) - Singapore whiskered bat
Myotis oxyotus (Peters, 1867) - montane myotis
Myotis peninsularis Miller, 1898 - peninsular myotis
Myotis pequinius Thomas, 1908 - Beijing mouse-eared bat, Peking myotis
Myotis petax Hollister, 1912{{#tag:ref|Split from M. daubentonii (Matveev et al., 2005). Includes M. abei (Tsytsulina, 2004, as daubentonii).|group=footnote}} - eastern water bat, Sakhalin bat
Myotis phanluongi Borisenko, Kruskop and Ivanova, 2008{{#tag:ref|A new species (Borisenko et al., 2008).|group=footnote}}
Myotis pilosus Peters, 1869 - Rickett's big-footed bat
Myotis planiceps Baker, 1955 - flat-headed myotis
Myotis pruinosus Yoshiyuki, 1971 - frosted myotis
Myotis punicus Felten, Spitzenberger and Storch, 1977 - Felten's myotis
Myotis ricketti (Thomas, 1894)
Myotis ridleyi Thomas, 1898 - Ridley's bat
Myotis riparius Handley, 1960 - riparian myotis
Myotis rosseti (Oey, 1951) - thick-thumbed myotis
Myotis ruber (E. Geoffroy, 1806) - red myotis
Myotis rufoniger
Myotis schaubi Kormos, 1934 - Schaub's myotis
Myotis scotti Thomas, 1927 - Scott's mouse-eared bat
Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897) - northern long-eared bat, northern myotis
Myotis sicarius Thomas, 1915 - Mandelli's mouse-eared bat
Myotis siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855) - Himalayan whiskered bat
Myotis simus Thomas, 1901 - velvety myotis
Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen, 1928 - Indiana bat
Myotis stalkeri Thomas, 1910 - Kei myotis
Myotis taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1908{{#tag:ref|Split from M. adversus (Han et al., 2010).|group=footnote}}
Myotis thysanodes Miller, 1897 - fringed myotis
Myotis tricolor (Temminck, 1832) - Cape hairy bat, little brown bat, Temminck's mouse-eared bat, Cape myotis, tricoloured mouse-eared bat, Cape hairy myotis, Temminck's hairy bat, three-coloured bat
Myotis velifer (J.A. Allen, 1890) - cave myotis
Myotis vivesi Menegaux, 1901 - fish-eating bat, fish-eating myotis
Myotis volans (H. Allen, 1866) - long-legged myotis
Myotis welwitschii (Gray, 1866) - Welwitsch's bat, Welwitsch's mouse-eared bat, Welwitsch's myotis
Myotis yanbarensis Maeda and Matsumara, 1998 - Yanbaru whiskered bat
Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen, 1864) - Yuma myotis
Myotis zenatius Ibáñez, Juste, Salicini, Puechmaille & Ruedi, 2019 -Zenati myotis

Notes

1. ^Simmons, 2005, p. 499
2. ^Lack et al., 2010
3. ^¹Roehrs et al., 2010
4. ^Levin, E.; A. Barnea; Y. Yovel; and Y. Yom-Tov (2006). Have introduced fish initiated piscivory among the long-fingered bat? Mammalian Biology 71(3): 139–143.
5. ^Growing old, yet staying young: The role of telomeres in bats’ exceptional longevity, {{doi|10.1126/sciadv.aao0926}}
6. ^[https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/neqbdd/bats-dont-die-old-age-telomeres-longevity These Bats Don't Seem to Die of Old Age—Can They Help Extend the Human Lifespan?], by Kate Lunau, at Vice; published February 7, 2018; retrieved June 12, 2018
7. ^¹Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2; Lack et al., 2010, figs. 1, 2
8. ^Simmons, 2005, p. 500
9. ^Lack et al., 2010, p. 984
10. ^Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2
11. ^Simmons, 2005, pp. 500–518

References

Literature cited

Borisenko, A.V., Kruskop, S.V. and Ivanova, N.V. 2008. A new mouse-eared bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam. Russian Journal of Theriology 7(2):57–69.
Han, N., Zhang, J., Reardon, T., Lin, L., Zhang, J. and Zhang, S. 2010. Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 12(2):449–456.Happold, M. 2005. A new species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from central Africa. Acta Chiropterologica 7(1):9–21.
Ibáñez, C., García-Mudarra, J.L., Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B. and Juste, J. 2006. The Iberian contribution to cryptic diversity in European bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(2):277–297.
Jiang, T., Sun, K., Chou, C., Zhang, Z. and Feng, J. 2010. First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa 2414:41–51.
Lack, J.B., Roehrs, Z.P., Stanley, C.E., Ruedi, M. and Van Den Bussche, R.A. 2010. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-192.1 Molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial-level divergence for the genus Cistugo (Chiroptera)] (subscription required). Journal of Mammalogy 91(4):976–992.
Matveev, V.A., Kruskop, S.V. and Kramerov, D.A. 2005. Revalidation of Myotis petax Hollister, 1912 and its new status in connection with M. daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica 7(1):23–37.
Mayer, F., Dietz, C. and Kiefer, A. 2007. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-4-4 Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity]. Frontiers in Zoology 4(1):239–255.
{{cite journal|last1= Moratelli|first1=R.|last2=Wilson|first2=D. E.|last3=Novaes|first3=R. L. M.|last4=Helgen|first4=K. M.|last5=Gutiérrez|first5=E. E.|title= Caribbean Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species from Trinidad and Tobago|journal= Journal of Mammalogy|volume=98|issue=4|pages=994–1008|date= 2017-06-07|doi= 10.1093/jmammal/gyx062}}
Roehrs, Z.P., Lack, J.B. and Van Den Bussche, R.A. 2010. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-325.1 Tribal phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data] (subscription required). Journal of Mammalogy 91(5):1073–1092.
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. {{ISBN|978-0-8018-8221-0}}
Stadelmann, B., Lin, L.-K., Kunz, T.H. and Ruedi, M. 2007. [https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.019 Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes] (subscription required). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43(1):32–48.
Tsytsulina, K. 2004. On the taxonomical status of Myotis abei Yoshikura, 1944 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Zoological Science 21:963–966.

External links

Myotis at Animal Diversity Web

2 : Mouse-eared bats|Bat genera

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