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词条 Mousehole
释义

  1. History

     20th century   Local government  

  2. Notable residents

  3. Media and literary associations

  4. References

  5. External links

{{For|the drilling term|Mousehole (drilling)}}{{wikt|mousehole}}{{EngvarB|date=June 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}{{Infobox UK place
|country=England
|official_name=Mousehole
|cornish_name=Porthenys
|coordinates = {{coord|50.083|-5.539|scale:8000|display=inline,title}}
|population=697
|population_ref=(2011 Census)
|civil_parish=Penzance
|unitary_england=Cornwall
|lieutenancy_england =Cornwall
|region=South West England
|constituency_westminster=St Ives
|post_town=PENZANCE
|postcode_district=TR19
|postcode_area=TR
|dial_code=01736
|os_grid_reference=SW468264
|static_image_name=Mousehole.jpg
|static_image_caption=Mousehole Harbour
}}

Mousehole ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aʊ|z|əl}}; {{lang-kw|Porthenys}}) is a village and fishing port in Cornwall, United Kingdom.[1] It is approximately {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0}} south of Penzance on the shore of Mount's Bay.[2] The village is in the civil parish of Penzance. An islet called St Clement's Isle lies about {{convert|350|m|yd}} offshore from the harbour entrance.

Mousehole lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation, with the same status and protection as a National Park.

History

The first mention of the village of Musehole is in 1283 and the first mention of Portheness is in 1267. Although usually thought of as the same place, a document from 1309 names Porthenys juxta Mousehole (i.e. next to Mousehole), implying two separate places. Compare with nearby Newlyn which is separated by a stream from Tolcarne and both were once considered individual places. There is also a 1339 document naming Porthengrous juxta Porthenes (harbour by the cross, next to the harbour by the island).[3][4] If the amount of tax collected is indictive of how important a place was, in the 14th century, tax collected on the number of fishing boats from Mousehole was £5. Nearby Marazion paid £1 6s 8d, Newlyn £1, Penzance 12s and Porthgwarra and Penberth 12s.[3] There were three medieval chapels, including the one on St Clements island. In 1383 a chapel was dedicated to the ″the blessed virgin Mary″ and was in ruins by 1414 due to storms. It was rebuilt around 1420 and finally destroyed during the Reformation. Another chapel was licensed in 1441 and dedicated to St Edmund the Confessor.[3]

Records show that pilchards were exported to France as early as 1302, and in the late 18th century there were five seines and 55 boats based in the harbour.[5][6] In the 1880s there was still a drift pilchard fishery and in the autumn around sixty boats fished in the North Sea.[7]

Along with Marazion, it was until the 16th century one of the principal ports of Mount's Bay. Before its decline as a major commercial centre, Mousehole also had a number of fairs and markets, including the charter for a market on Tuesdays, with a fair for three days at the festival of St Barnabas, granted to Henry de Tyes in 1292.[8] Mousehole, like many communities in Mount's Bay, fell within the authority of the Manor of Alverton; all early charters, fairs etc. associated with Mousehole are associated with this manorial estate.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

Mousehole, like Penzance, Newlyn and Paul, was attacked in the 1595 raid on Mount's Bay by Spaniard Carlos de Amésquita, the only surviving building being the 'Keigwin Arms', a local pub. Outside the Keigwin Arms (now a private residence) is a plaque with the wording "Squire Jenkyn Keigwin was killed here 23 July 1595 defending this house against the Spaniards".{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

20th century

Although a lifeboat had been available in Mount's Bay for many years, a new lifeboat station at Penlee Point, on the outskirts of the village, was opened in 1913. On 19 December 1981 the entire lifeboat crew of eight was lost during an attempted rescue in hurricane-force winds.[9] The lifeboat was moved to Newlyn in 1983 but continues to be known as the 'Penlee Lifeboat'.[10]

The village's harbourside was once the location of the Lobster Pot guest house, in which Dylan Thomas and Caitlin Macnamara spent their honeymoon after marrying at Penzance register office.[11]

In 1936 the GPO Film Unit made The Saving of Bill Blewitt, a short film to promote the Post Office Savings Bank, featuring local postman Bill Blewitt.[12]

Mousehole hosts a vibrant variety of festivals and community activities. It is known for its Christmas illuminations. Since 1981, every 19 December the lights have been turned off in memory of the victims of the lifeboat disaster. Tom Bawcock's Eve is a unique celebration held on 23 December each year to celebrate the ending of a famine in the 16th century by local resident Tom Bawcock. This festival is the inspiration behind the book The Mousehole Cat by Antonia Barber and the associated television productions. This festival is also the origin of 'Star Gazey Pie', a mixed fish, egg and potato pie with fish heads protruding through the pastry. Mousehole also holds a small maritime festival every two years called 'Sea, Salt and Sail'.[13]

Parts of the 1995 feature film Blue Juice were filmed in the village.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}} The local community radio station is Coast FM (formerly Penwith Radio), which broadcasts on 96.5 and 97.2 FM.[14]

Local government

Mousehole was part of the ancient parish of Paul, and from 1866 part of the civil parish of Paul. In 1894 Mousehole became part of Paul Urban District. The urban district was abolished in 1934 and Mousehole was absorbed into the municipal borough of Penzance.[15] Penzance Municipal Borough was itself abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and Mousehole became part of the new Penwith District. The former borough was unparished until 1980. The unparished area was formed into a civil parish in 1980,[16] and the new Penzance parish council elected to call itself a town council. Penwith District was abolished in 2009, and Mousehole now falls under the unitary Cornwall Council.

Notable residents

{{refimprove section|date=September 2017}}

Penwith is believed to be the last part of Cornwall where the Cornish language was spoken as the community language. Dolly Pentreath, the last recorded speaker (but arguably not the very last), is often reported as being from Mousehole and there is a memorial to her in the village. In fact, she was from Paul (the parish of Paul historically included Mousehole).

A year after Dolly Pentreath died in 1777, Daines Barrington received a letter, written in Cornish and accompanied by an English translation, from a fisherman in Mousehole named William Bodinar stating that he knew of five people who could speak Cornish in that village alone. Barrington also speaks of a John Nancarrow from Marazion who was a native speaker and survived into the 1790s.[17]

John Keigwin (1641–1716), a scholar in the Cornish language, William Carvosso (1750–1834), the Methodist and Joseph Trewavas VC CGM (14 December 1835 – 20 July 1905) were also born in Mousehole.

Admiral of the fleet Sir Caspar John GCB (1903–1984) lived in Mousehole in retirement.

The artist Jack Pender (1918–1998) was born in Mousehole and spent most of his career there.

English writer and illustrator Michelle Cartlidge lives in Mousehole.[18]

Media and literary associations

  • Charles de Lint, writer of many modern and urban fairy tales, set his novel The Little Country in the village of Mousehole.[19]
  • The Mousehole Cat, a children's book written by Antonia Barber and illustrated by Nicola Bayley, is also set in Mousehole and based on the legend of Tom Bawcock and the continuing tradition of Tom Bawcock's Eve.
  • Parts of the 1995 feature film Blue Juice were filmed in the village.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
  • The local community radio station is Coast FM (formerly Penwith Radio), which broadcasts on 96.5 and 97.2 FM.[14]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.traveldailynews.com/columns/article/50850/must-see-fishing-villages-in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907132317/http://traveldailynews.com/columns/article/50850/must-see-fishing-villages-in|dead-url=yes|archive-date=7 September 2012|title=Must see fishing villages in Cornwall|work=Travel Daily News|accessdate=13 May 2015}}
2. ^Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203 Land's End {{ISBN|978-0-319-23148-7}}
3. ^{{cite book |last1=Cooke |first1=Ian McNeil |title=Crosses and Churchway Paths in the Land's End Peninsula, West Cornwall. Parishes of Paul & Sancreed |date=2001 |publisher=Men-an-Tol Studio |location=Bosullow |pages=9–10}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Pool|first1=Peter A S|title=The Place-Names of West Penwith|date=1985|publisher=Peter Pool|location=Heamoor|page=59 & 65|edition=Second}}
5. ^{{cite book |last1=Lenton |first1=W Stewart |title=The fishing boats and ports of Cornwall: An alternative way to explore Cornwall |date=2006 |publisher=Channel View Publishing |location=Plymouth |isbn=0955402301}}
6. ^{{cite book |last1=Pender |first1=Nellie Mann |last2=Pender |first2=Jack |authorlink2=Jack Pender |title=A short history of Mousehole: with personal recollections |date=1970 |publisher=N M Pender |location=Mousehole |isbn=0950147206}}
7. ^{{cite news |title=Mousehole |work=The Cornishman |issue=223 |date=19 October 1882 |page=4}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://west-penwith.org.uk/paull.htm |title=West Penwith Resources – Paul (Lysons) |publisher=West-penwith.org.uk |date=18 October 2003 |accessdate=19 December 2018}}
9. ^{{cite news | title = Solomon Browne history | publisher = BBC | date = 27 September 2010 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cornwall/hi/things_to_do/newsid_9036000/9036004.stm | accessdate = 3 December 2010 }}
10. ^{{cite book |last= Leach |first= Nicholas |title= Cornwall's Lifeboat Heritage |origyear= 2000 |year= 2006 |publisher= Twelveheads Press |location= Chacewater |isbn= 0-906294-43-6 |pages= 41–42 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dylanthomas.com/index.cfm?articleid=5396 |title=City and County of Swansea – The 1930s |publisher=Dylanthomas.com |date=25 October 2010 |accessdate=15 October 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928210840/http://www.dylanthomas.com/index.cfm?articleid=5396 |archivedate=28 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1330491/|title=BFI Screenonline: Saving of Bill Blewitt, The (1936)|last=Anthony|first=Scott|publisher=BFI|accessdate=18 December 2017}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seasalts.co.uk/ |title=Home |publisher=Seasalts.co.uk |date= |accessdate=15 October 2013}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Volunteer run Penwith Radio to change its name to Coast FM|url=http://www.falmouthpacket.co.uk/news/14510092.Volunteer_run_Penwith_Radio_to_change_its_name_to_Coast_FM|website=falmouthpacket.co.uk|accessdate=2017-02-04}}
15. ^Vision of Britain website: Paul UD
16. ^{{cite web|title=A complete list of orders affecting Cornwall County from 1973 to the present|url=http://www.lgbce.org.uk/records-and-resources/database-of-local-government-orders/south-west/cornwall|work=Database of Local Government Orders|publisher=Local Government Boundary Commission for England|accessdate=7 June 2012}}
17. ^Ellis, P. Berresford (ca. 1970) The Story of the Cornish Language. Penryn: Tor Mark Press
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://mabecronbooks.co.uk/AuthorsIllustrators/Michelle%20Cartlidge.html |title=Michelle Cartlidge |publisher=Mabecronbooks.co.uk |date= |accessdate=15 October 2013}}
19. ^{{cite web | title =The Little Country | publisher = Amazon.com| url = https://www.amazon.com/Little-Country-Charles-Lint/dp/0312876491 | accessdate = 11 May 2007 }}

External links

{{Commons category|Mousehole}}
  • Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Mousehole
  • {{dmoz|/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/England/Cornwall/Mousehole/}}
{{Cornwall}}{{fishing history|expanded=villages}}

7 : Fishing communities in England|Villages in Cornwall|Penzance|Penwith|Ports and harbours of Cornwall|Populated coastal places in Cornwall|Fishing villages

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