| 词条 | Treaty of Constantinople (1724) |
| 释义 |
The Treaty of Constantinople ({{lang-ru|Константинопольский договор}},)[1] Russo-Ottoman Treaty[2] or Treaty of the Partition of Persia (Iran Mukasemenamesi)[3] was a treaty concluded on 24 June 1724 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, dividing large portions of the territory of mutually neighbouring Safavid Iran between them.[4] The Russians and the Ottomans were engaged in a race to occupy more Iranian territories and were about to engage in a war over the occupation of Gandjeh when France intervened.[5] In the Russo-Persian War (1722-1723), Russia had managed to conquer swaths of Safavid Iran's territories in the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, and northern mainland Iran,[6] while the Ottoman Turks had invaded and conquered all Iranian territories in the west, most notably Georgia and Armenia. Still, the news of a Russo-Iranian accord that would settle the 1722-1723 Russo-Iranian War precipitated a crisis between Imperial Russia and Ottoman Turkey,[7] who openly stated that it would not permit any other power to establish itself on the Caspian Sea. As the Ottomans and Russians both neighboured each other as well as Iran for centuries, and all three were geo-political rivals of each other, the matter was taken into the highest regard. With France as intermediary, the two governments of the Ottoman Empire and Russia eventually signed a treaty in Constantinople on 12 June 1724,[8] dividing a large portion of Iran between them. Thus, the annexed Iranian lands located on the east of the conjunction of the rivers Kurosh (Kur) and Aras were given to the Russians. These comprised the provinces in northern mainland Iran (Gilan, Mazandaran and Astrabad), the territories in Dagestan (amongst which Derbent), as well as Baku and the territory surrounding it in the Shirvan province. The lands on the west went to the Ottomans,[3] comprising large parts of Iranian Azerbaijan (incl. Ardabil and Tabriz),[9] Hamadan, Kermanshah,[10] and much of the rest of Iranian-ruled Transcaucasia (encompassing modern-day Georgia and Armenia).[11] The treaty furthermore specified that if Safavid Iran, at that time led by the regime of king Tahmasp II, would refuse to accept the treaty both Imperial Russia and the Porte would take common action against Iran and install a puppet ruler.[12] However, the gains for both Russia and Ottoman Turkey proved to be very brief, for the 1732 Treaty of Resht and 1735 Treaty of Ganja returned all territories taken by Russia back to Iran, while the Ottoman–Persian War (1730–35) decisively returned all Ottoman annexed territories back to Iran. See also
References1. ^{{cite book |title=Slavonic Europe - A Political History of Poland from 1447 to 1796 |last=Bain |first=R. Nisbet |year=2006 |publisher=READ BOOKS |isbn=1-84664-581-6 |pages=323 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdZBZcUbSewC&pg=PA323&dq=%2B1724+%2B%22treaty+of+constantinople%22&as_brr=3&sig=GaIILut0CK9aTLKgiWYZHX8Fl8g }} {{Ottoman treaties}}{{Portalbar|Iran|Iranian Azerbaijan}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Treaty of Constantinople 1724}}2. ^{{cite book |title=Iran Under the Safavids |last=Savory |first=Roger |year=1980 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-04251-8 |pages=252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v4Yr4foWFFgC&pg=PA252&dq=%2B1724+%2Btreaty+%2Bottoman+%2Brussia&as_brr=3&sig=_beplI2bS1KPNEWnk1nvQRMZxPQ }} 3. ^1 {{cite book |title=Uralic And Altaic Series |last=Martin |first=Samuel Elmo |year=1997 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-7007-0380-2 |pages=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UWYdLuA34OQC&pg=PA49&dq=%2B1724+%2Btreaty+%2Bottoman+%2Brussia&as_brr=3&sig=RCQz1SyXQfwl3QxvSpHrsomBKqI#PPA47,M1 }} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Fisher|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 7|date=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521200950|page=320|url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&dq=treaty+of+constantinople+1724&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s|display-authors=etal}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |last=Fisher |first=William Bayne |year=1968 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-20095-4 |pages=320 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H20Xt157iYUC&pg=PA322&dq=%2B1724+%2Btreaty+%2Bottoman+%2Brussia&as_brr=3&sig=30fbi1zn1zb5ifv_BF2JBguzFUg#PPA320,M1 }} 6. ^Alexander Mikaberidze. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA1024&lpg=PA1024&dq=russo-Persian+War+1722-1723&source=bl&ots=MG6HP72DpJ&sig=I8Akh1ZL_tO-CpsYWIn6CrgVTFo&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwi6hrmWvubGAhXCNxQKHVDNAt8#v=onepage&q=russo-Persian%20War%201722-1723&f=false "A Historical Encyclopedia"] ABC-CLIO 2011. p 726 7. ^Alexander Mikaberidze. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA1024&lpg=PA1024&dq=russo-Persian+War+1722-1723&source=bl&ots=MG6HP72DpJ&sig=I8Akh1ZL_tO-CpsYWIn6CrgVTFo&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwi6hrmWvubGAhXCNxQKHVDNAt8#v=onepage&q=russo-Persian%20War%201722-1723&f=false "Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia"] ABC-CLIO 2011. p 726 8. ^{{cite book |title=E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936 |last=Houtsma |first=M. Th. |author2=van Donzel, E. |year=1993 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=90-04-08265-4 |pages=760 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro--tXw_hxMC&pg=PA760&dq=%2B1724+%2Btreaty+%2Bottoman+%2Brussia&as_brr=3&sig=orLtpRFya8SvSAgXc8p3NsxFhqM }} 9. ^[https://books.google.nl/books?id=OOgzAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA645&dq=Treaty+of+Constantinople+(1724)+hamadan&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwBDgKahUKEwi816niyubGAhWJ7RQKHZVfA_k#v=onepage&q=Treaty%20of%20Constantinople%20(1724)%20hamadan&f=false "The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 6, The Rise of Great Britain and Russia"] 1970. p 654 10. ^[https://books.google.nl/books?id=OOgzAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA645&dq=Treaty+of+Constantinople+(1724)+hamadan&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwBDgKahUKEwi816niyubGAhWJ7RQKHZVfA_k#v=onepage&q=Treaty%20of%20Constantinople%20(1724)%20hamadan&f=false "The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 6, The Rise of Great Britain and Russia"] 1970. p 654 11. ^Alexander Mikaberidze. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA1024&lpg=PA1024&dq=russo-Persian+War+1722-1723&source=bl&ots=MG6HP72DpJ&sig=I8Akh1ZL_tO-CpsYWIn6CrgVTFo&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwi6hrmWvubGAhXCNxQKHVDNAt8#v=onepage&q=russo-Persian%20War%201722-1723&f=false "Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia"] ABC-CLIO 2011. p 726 12. ^Alexander Mikaberidze. [https://books.google.nl/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA1024&lpg=PA1024&dq=russo-Persian+War+1722-1723&source=bl&ots=MG6HP72DpJ&sig=I8Akh1ZL_tO-CpsYWIn6CrgVTFo&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAzgKahUKEwi6hrmWvubGAhXCNxQKHVDNAt8#v=onepage&q=russo-Persian%20War%201722-1723&f=false "Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia"] ABC-CLIO 2011. p 726 17 : Peace treaties of Russia|1724 treaties|Treaties involving territorial changes|Peace treaties of the Ottoman Empire|1724 in law|1724 in the Russian Empire|1724 in Iran|History of East Azerbaijan Province|History of West Azerbaijan Province|History of Tabriz|History of Gilan|History of Ardabil|18th century in Georgia (country)|18th century in Azerbaijan|18th century in Armenia|1724 in the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire–Russia treaties |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。