| 词条 | Trustom Pond |
| 释义 |
| name = Trustom Pond | image = Trustom Pond.JPG | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = South Kingstown Washington County, Rhode Island | coords = {{Coord|41.3714905|-71.5825599|region:US-RI_type:waterbody_source:gnis|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | type = saline | inflow = precipitation, groundwater | outflow = | catchment = {{convert|794|acre|abbr=on}}[1] | basin_countries = United States | length = | width = | area = {{convert|180|acre|abbr=on}}[1] | depth = {{convert|1.3|ft|m|abbr=on}}[1] | max-depth = | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|0|ft|abbr=on}}[4] | frozen = | islands = | sections = | cities = | website = {{URL|https://www.fws.gov/refuge/trustom_pond/}} | reference = [1][2] }}Trustom Pond is a closed lagoon in South Kingstown, Washington County, Rhode Island, United States.[3] It is one of nine coastal lagoons (referred to as "salt ponds" by locals) in southern Rhode Island.[4][5] It has a surface area of {{convert|800|acre}}, and is the only undeveloped salt pond in the state.[6][7] The pond averages {{convert|1.3|ft}} deep, and has a salinity level of 5 parts per thousand. It is non-tidal, except when breached by storms.[1] The water directly receives about {{convert|219,844,022|USgal|L}} of precipitation per year, with an estimated {{convert|796,215|USgal|L}} in daily groundwater flow.[8] No streams flow into the pond, though a nearby stream "captures water that otherwise would have flowed to Trustom Pond".[9]Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge, inhabited by over 300 species of birds, 40 species of mammals, and 20 species of reptiles and amphibians.[7] As such, it is a popular bird-watching destination.[10] In 1987, {{convert|365|acre}} of land were donated to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; subsequent donations and purchases raised the protected area to {{convert|800|acre}}, with current plans for expansion. The wildlife refuge receives approximately 50,000 visitors annually.[7] The Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuge includes {{convert|3|mi|km|lk=on}} of foot trails, surrounded by fields, shrublands, woodlands and small freshwater ponds.[11] Wildlife managers create breachways to the Block Island Sound, lowering water levels and creating mudflats which become feeding areas for waders.[12] See also{{Portal|Rhode Island}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|author= |title=Trustom Pond General Features Data |year= |publisher=Rhode Island South Shore Sea Grant |accessdate=2009-05-25 |url=http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/coasts/trustom/trustomGFD.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908091929/http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/coasts/trustom/trustomGFD.html |archivedate=September 8, 2008 }}, quoting RIGIS 2001 (area) and Lee 1980 (salinity) 2. ^1 {{gnis|1217733|Trustom Pond}} 3. ^{{cite web|author= |title=Salt Ponds of Rhode Island |year= |publisher=Rhode Island Sea Grant |accessdate=2009-05-25 |url=http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/bookstore/saltpond.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517014016/http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/bookstore/saltpond.pdf |archivedate=May 17, 2008 }} 4. ^{{cite web|author=Donald Wyatt|title=Rhode Island's last execution|year=1995|publisher=FAQs.org|accessdate=2009-05-25|url=http://www.faqs.org/abstracts/General-interest/The-salt-ponds-of-Rhode-Island-They-go-back-a-long-way.html}} 5. ^{{cite web|author=S.W. Nixon and B. A. Buckley|title=Nitrogen Inputs to Rhode Island Coastal Salt – Too Much of a Good Thing|year=2007|publisher=Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management|accessdate=2009-05-25|url=http://www.dem.ri.gov/programs/benviron/water/permits/isds/pdfs/spnload.pdf}} 6. ^{{cite web|author=|title=Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuge|year=|publisher=VisitRhodeIsland.com |accessdate=2009-05-25|url=http://www.visitrhodeisland.com/what-to-do/bird-watching-and-nature-walks/1538/trustom-pond-national-wildlife-refuge/}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=|title=Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuge|year=|publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|accessdate=2009-05-25|url=http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=53545}} 8. ^{{cite web|author= |title=Trustom Pond Freshwater Input Data |year= |publisher=Rhode Island South Shore Sea Grant |accessdate=2009-05-25 |url=http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/coasts/trustom/trustomFID.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716235002/http://seagrant.gso.uri.edu/coasts/trustom/trustomFID.html |archivedate=July 16, 2011 }} 9. ^{{cite book|author=USGS|title=Hydrogeology and simulated groundwater flow in the Salt Pond region of southern Rhode Island|year=|publisher=DIANE Publishing|isbn=1-4223-2575-X|page=30|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RBxviGp_6yQC&pg=PA30&dq=trustom+pond+rhode+island#PPA30,M1}} 10. ^{{cite web|author=|title=Bird Watching & Wildlife Refuges |year=|publisher=South County Tourism Council|accessdate=2009-05-25|url=http://www.southcountyri.com/ViewListings.aspx?SectionID=1&SubNavID=27&ContentID=110}} 11. ^{{cite web|author=|title=Trustom Pond National Wildlife Refuges|year=|publisher=GORP|accessdate=2009-05-25|url=http://www.gorp.com/parks-guide/travel-ta-trustom-pond-national-wildlife-refuge-rhode-island-sidwcmdev_068711.html}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Mark Damian Duda and Robert Field|title=Watching Wildlife|year=1995|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=1-56044-315-4|page=80|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7NFIz-ENq5kC&pg=PA80&dq=trustom+pond+rhode+island}} External links{{Commons category|Rhode Island salt ponds}}
9 : Landforms of Washington County, Rhode Island|Lagoons of Washington County, Rhode Island|Saline lakes of the United States|National Wildlife Refuges in Rhode Island|South Kingstown, Rhode Island|Protected areas of Washington County, Rhode Island|Wetlands of Rhode Island|Protected areas established in 1987|1987 establishments in Rhode Island |
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