| 词条 | Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia |
| 释义 |
| name = Catherine Ivanovna | title = Tsarevna of Russia Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | image = Catherine Ioannovna of Russia duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | spouse = Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | issue = Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna | full name = Catherine Ivanovna Romanova | house = Romanov | father = Ivan V of Russia | mother = Praskovia Saltykova | birth_date = {{birth date|1691|10|20|df=y}} | birth_place = Moscow | death_date = {{death date and age|1733|6|14|1691|10|20|df=y}} | death_place = Saint Petersburg | burial_date = | burial_place = Alexander Nevsky Monastery | religion = Eastern Orthodox }} Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia (20 October 1691 – 14 June 1733) was a daughter of Tsar Ivan V and Praskovia Saltykova, eldest sister of Empress Anna of Russia and niece of Peter the Great. By her marriage, she was a Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Early lifeCatherine was born in Moscow and baptized at Chudov Monastery; her godparents were her uncle Tsar Peter I and her great-aunt Princess Tatiana (daughter of Tsar Michael I. She was the third of five daughters, but the early deaths of her older sisters Maria (on 23 February 1692, aged three) and Feodosia (on 22 May 1691, aged one) left her as the eldest child of her parents. Two more sisters were born later: Anna, the future Russian Empress, and Praskovia (born 14 October 1694 - died 19 October 1731). Catherine (reportedly the favorite child of her mother), spent her childhood in her mother's estate of Izmaylovo, also the birthplace of her paternal grandfather Tsar Alexis. Like her younger sisters, she received an occidental education: the study of German and French languages, dancing and etiquette. Her teachers were Johann-Dietrich Christopher Osterman (brother of the future Vice-Chancellor) and Frenchman Etienne Rambur. Of Ivan V's daughters, she seems to have been the most capable. In 1708 the family moved to the new capital, Saint Petersburg. MarriageAccording to contemporaries, Catherine was a short, dark-haired, and pale beauty and was a popular socialite with her charm and sociability. At the request of her uncle Peter I, she was married on 19 April 1716 in Danzig to Karl Leopold, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. He had initially proposed to Catherine's sister Anna (then Dowager Duchess of Courland) but Peter I instead chose Catherine to be his bride. The marriage created a political alliance between Russia and Mecklenburg against Sweden, and was advantageous to Peter, as he wanted to use the port of Mecklenburg to harbour his fleet. According to the marriage contract, the Duke agreed to his future wife keeping her Orthodox faith, and to pay her 6,000 thalers per year. Peter I would, in return, contribute to the Duke's attempts to conquer the town of Wismar. They had two daughters: Elisabeth Catherine Christine (born in Rostock on 18 December 1718), and one unnamed (who was either stillborn or died immediately after birth on 18 January 1722).[1] The marriage was unhappy, as Karl Leopold abused Catherine. She returned to Russia in 1722 with her surviving daughter. The couple never divorced, but they never saw each other again. Later life in RussiaOn the death of Peter II in 1730, the Supreme Privy Council considered Catherine as a candidate for the tsardom as the eldest daughter of Ivan V, but the fear that her spouse would gain influence in Russia and her own independent and capricious nature led to her widowed younger sister Anna, Duchess of Courland, being chosen instead, because she was considered more docile. Catherine was involved in the events of 7 March 1730, when a group of nobles (between 150 and 800, according to sources), among whom were many officers of the Guards, arrived at the palace and gave a petition to the Empress. In this petition they requested the re-examination of the form of government that would be pleasing to all the people. Anna hesitated, but Catherine reportedly forced the Empress to sign the petition. Catherine kept at her court one of the first Russian theaters, with serfs as actors. Her secret cohabitation with the naval officer Prince Michail Andreevič Belosel'skij-Belozerskij during the last three years of her life caused her temporary exile to the Urals.[2] On 12 May 1733, Catherine was present at her daughter's conversion to the Orthodox religion, where she received the name Anna Leopoldovna, in order to make her acceptable as an heiress to the throne. Catherine died one month later and was buried next to her mother in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra monastery. Notes1. ^Ekaterina Ivanovna Romanova in: Genealogy Database by Herbert Stoyan [retrieved 18 November 2014]. 2. ^И. В Курукин. Бирон (ЖЗЛ). Молодая гвардия, 2006, p. 215. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Catherine Ivanovna of Russia |2= 2. Ivan V of Russia |3= 3. Praskovia Saltykova |4= 4. Alexis of Russia |5= 5. Maria Miloslavskaya |6= 6. Fyodor Petrovich Saltykov |7= 7. Anna Mikhailovna Tatishcheva |8= 8. Michael of Russia |9= 9. Eudoxia Streshneva |10= 10. Ilya Miloslavsky |11= |12= 12. Pyotr Saltykov |13= |14= 14. Mikhail Tatishchev |15= |16= 16. Feodor Romanov |17= 17. Xenia Shestova |18= 18. Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnyov |19= 19. Anna Konstantinovna Volkonskaya |20= 20. Danil Miloslavsky |21= |22= |23= |24= |25= |26= |27= |28= |29= |30= |31= }} Sources{{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Romanov|20 October|1691|14 June|1733|}}{{s-roy|de}}|-{{S-vac|last=Landgravine Sophia Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel}}{{S-ttl|title=Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|years=19 April 1716–1728}}{{S-aft|after=Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz}}{{End}}{{Tsarevna of Russia}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Catherine Ivanovna}} 9 : 1691 births|1733 deaths|House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|House of Romanov|Duchesses of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|17th-century Russian people|18th-century Russian people|17th-century women|18th-century women |
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