| 词条 | Tupamaros West-Berlin |
| 释义 |
The Tupamaros West-Berlin (TW) were a small German Marxist organization which carried out a series of bombings and arsons at the end of the 1960s.[1] In 1969 Dieter Kunzelmann, Georg von Rauch, and a few others traveled to Jordan to train at a Fatah camp, forming the Tupamaros on their return to Germany.[2][3] The group took their name from the Uruguayan Tupamaros. The TW had a core membership of about 15 people.[3] Their first action was an attempted bombing of West Berlin's Jewish Community Centre on November 9, 1969 (the anniversary of Kristallnacht); the bomb, supplied by the undercover government agent Peter Urbach, failed to explode.[4][5] This was followed in the fall of 1969 by a number of bombings and arsons targeting police, judges, and US and Israeli targets.[6] The TW claimed responsibility for these attacks under a variety of different names in order to exaggerate the size of their movement.[6] The group was led by Kunzelmann and von Rauch, and dissolved after the former was arrested in 1970 and the latter was killed by police in 1971.[3] Its core members then formed the Movement 2 June, while some others joined the Red Army Faction.[3][7] The Jewish Community Centre bombingIn 2005 the historian Wolfgang Kraushaar published a book on the Tupamaros' attempted bombing of the West Berlin Jewish Community Centre, setting off a debate on anti-semitism in the German left and the German student movement.[4][8] The bombing was allegedly planned by Kunzelmann and the bomb itself planted by Albert Fichter, brother of the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund's then-chairman, Tilman Fichter.[4] On the date of the attempted bombing more than 200 people had gathered in the community center to commemorate Kristallnacht.[4] The Tupamaros MunichAround the time of the TW's creation Fritz Teufel formed a similar group in Munich, the Tupamaros Munich (TM).[6] Brigitte Mohnhaupt, later an important figure in the second generation of the RAF, was a member.[9] References1. ^{{cite book|last=Kundnani|first=Hans|title=Utopia Or Auschwitz: Germany's 1968 Generation and the Holocaust|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2009|pages=114}} {{Authority control}}2. ^Kundnani 91, 99 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Hauser|first=Dorothea|title=1968 in Europe: a history of protest and activism, 1956-1977|editor=Martin Klimke, Joachim Scharloth|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2008|pages=271–72|chapter=Terrorism}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.signandsight.com/features/434.html|title=The anti-Semitism of the 68ers|last=Gessler|first=Philipp|author2=Stefan Reinecke |date=25 October 2005|work=die tageszeitung|accessdate=22 April 2010}} Translated into English by Sign and Sight. 5. ^Kundnani 88, 90 6. ^1 2 Kundnani 97 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baader-meinhof.com/resources/terms/tupamaros.html|title=Tupamaros|last=Huffman|first=Richard|work=Baader-Meinhof.com|accessdate=22 April 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727233645/http://www.baader-meinhof.com/resources/terms/tupamaros.html|archivedate=27 July 2010|df=}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Parkes|first=K. Stuart|title=Writers and politics in Germany, 1945-2008|publisher=Camden House|year=2009|pages=84}} 9. ^{{cite book | last = Smith | first = J. | authorlink = |author2=André Moncourt | title = Daring To Struggle, Failing To Win: The Red Army Faction’s 1977 Campaign Of Desperation | publisher = PM Press | year = 2008 | location = | pages = 37 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 1-60486-028-6}} 11 : Extraparliamentary Opposition|Far-left politics in Germany|Left-wing militant groups in Germany|Terrorism in Germany|1969 establishments in Germany|1971 disestablishments in Germany|Politics of Berlin|20th-century attacks on synagogues and Jewish communal organizations|West Berlin|Communist terrorism|1960s in Berlin |
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