Turchaninov is a Russian surname. It originated from the archaic word turchanin ({{lang-rus|турчанин|links=no}}), meaning "Turk".

It which may refer to:

• Turchaninov family, a noble family in the Russian Empire.
• Alexei Turchaninov (1704/1705–1787)
• Pyotr Ivanovitch Turchaninov (born 1746–c. 1823), Secretary of State on military questions of Catherine I of Russia. He had two sons:
  • Pavel Turchaninov (1776—1839), Russian lieutenant general during the Napoleonic Wars.
  • Andrey Turchaninov (1779–1830), his younger brother, the lieutenant general.
• Nikolai Turczaninow or Turchaninov (1796-1863), botanist
• Lev Chernyi, born Pavel Dimitrievich Turchaninov (c. 1878–1921), Russian anarchist, activist and poet, and a leading figure of the Third Russian Revolution
• Ivan Turchaninov (1821-1901), Union Army general in the American Civil War

{{surname}}

• South African Museum of Military History
• South African Museums Association
• South African Music Award
• South African Music Rights Organisation
• South African "Natal" 0-4-0WT
• South African National Archery Association
• South African national baseball team
• South African National Blood Service
• South African National Census of 2011
• South-African National Defence Force
• South African National Defence Force Intelligence Division
• South African National Defence Union
• South African National Defence Union v Minister of Defence
• South African National Rally Championship
• South African National Road Race Championship
• South African National Road Race Championships
• South African National Roads Agency Limited
• South African National Schools Moot Court Competition
• South African National Time Trial Championships
• South African National War Museum
• South African Native College at Fort Hare
• South African Native Labour Corps
• South African Naval College
• South African New Zealanders
• South African NG 0-4-0T