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词条 Turks in Austria
释义

  1. History

  2. Population

  3. Demographics

  4. Notable people

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. Bibliography

  8. Further reading

  9. External links

{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Austrian Turks
| image =
| caption = The Turkish community protesting in Vienna
| pop = 185,592 (Turkish citizens, including dual citizen)[1]


350,000[2][3][4]-500,000[5][6] (including descendants)


| popplace = {{hlist| Burgenland | Carinthia | Lower Austria | Salzburg | Styria | Tyrol | Upper Austria | Vorarlberg | Vienna }}
| langs = {{hlist| Turkish | German }}
| rels = Predominantly Sunni Islam, minorities: Alevism, Irreligious, Roman Catholic
}}

Austrian Turks ({{lang-de|Türken in Österreich}}; {{lang-tr|{{italics correction|Avusturya Türkleri}}}}) are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Austria who form the second largest ethnic group in the country after Austrians.

History

Turkish Citizens in Austria[7][8][9]
Year Population Year Population
1951 112 2005 116,544
1961 217 2006 113,068
1971 16,423 2007 108,189
1981 59,900 2008108,762
1991 118,579 2009109,985
1997 132,737 2010111,302
1998 131,729 2011112,461
1999 127,533 2012112,917
2000126,9952013113,670
2001127,2262014114,740
2002127,1472015115,433
2003127,1562016116,026
2004123,043

Turkish people were recruited to Austria as Gastarbeiter (guest workers) for the construction and export industries following an agreement with the Turkish government in 1964. From 1973 the policy of encouraging guest workers ended and restrictive immigration laws were introduced, first with the 1975 Aliens Employment Act, setting quotas on work permits, and then the 1992 Residence Act, which set quotas for residency permits without the right to work. A more restrictive system was put in place in 1997 and further limits imposed in 2006.

Since the 1970s Turks living and working in Austria have focused on family reunification and on seeking Austrian citizenship, for which they need to have lived in Austria for 10 years.

{{wide image|Avusturya Türk günü2.jpg|700px|Turkish day in Vienna, Austria (2009).}}

Population

According to the 2001 census, there was 183,445 Turkish nationals living in Austria. According to the Minority Rights Group International many of the Turks living in Austria have been naturalized and the full community is estimated to number between 200,000 and 300,000. Turks are the largest single immigrant group, the leading group seeking Austrian citizenship, and account for the majority of Muslims.[10]According to BBC the number of Turks in Austria are estimated to be around 350,000.[11]

Demographics

{{see also|Demographics of Austria}}
Turkish Citizens in Austria[12]
States of Austria 1971 1981 1991 2001
Austria 16,423 59,900 118,579 127,226
Burgenland 33 238 630 1,280
Carinthia 23 173 595 1,192
Lower Austria 3,479 10,125 18,129 19,911
Upper Austria 1,261 5,665 13,233 17,226
Salzburg 951 2,986 6,558 8,800
Styria 140 401 1,560 4,793
Tyrol 1,664 6,890 13,652 16,017
Vorarlberg 5,049 13,712 20,346 18,838
Vienna 3,823 19,710 43,876 39,119

Notable people

{{see also|List of Austrian Turks}}

See also

  • List of Austrian Turks
  • Austria–Turkey relations
  • Turks in Germany
  • Turks in Europe

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://medienservicestelle.at/migration_bewegt/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/IBIB_2012_Integrationsbericht.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Statistik Austria |title=Kommission für Migrations und Integrationsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften |year=2012 |page=27 }}
2. ^{{Cite news|author=BBC|title=Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11725311|accessdate=2010-11-10|work=BBC News|date=2010-11-10}}
3. ^{{Cite web|author=Avrupa Türk-İslam Birliği |title=Avusturya Türk İslam Kültür ve Sosyal Yardımlaşma Birliği:Sosyal Hayat ve Dini Yapı |url=http://www.atib-bregenz.at/content/view/13/30/ |accessdate=2010-11-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531200653/http://www.atib-bregenz.at/content/view/13/30/ |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
4. ^{{Cite web|author=Yakın Dünya|title=Türkiye'nin Avusturya Büyükelçisi Göçmen Meselesini Gündeme Getirdi|url=http://www.yakindunya.com/dunya/avrupa/turkiyenin-avusturya-buyukelcisi-gocmen-meselesini-gundeme-getirdi.html|accessdate=2010-11-13}}
5. ^{{cite web|author=Andreas Mölzer|title=In Österreich leben geschätzte 500.000 Türken, aber kaum mehr als 10–12.000 Slowenen|url=http://www.andreas-moelzer.at/index.php?id=24|accessdate=2011-10-16|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120722212601/http://www.andreas-moelzer.at/index.php?id=24|archivedate=2012-07-22|df=}}
6. ^{{Cite web|author=Juedische-Allgemeine|title=Erheblicher Anstieg antisemitischer Vorfälle in Wien|url=http://www.juedische-allgemeine.de/article/view/id/7722|accessdate=2010-11-13}}
7. ^{{cite web |author=Statistik Austria|title=Bevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit und Geschlecht 1951 bis 2001|url=http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/volkszaehlungen/bevoelkerung_nach_demographischen_merkmalen/022884.html|archive-url=https://archive.is/20090923155125/http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/bevoelkerung/volkszaehlungen/bevoelkerung_nach_demographischen_merkmalen/022884.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2009-09-23|accessdate=2009-09-23}}
8. ^{{Harvnb|Potz|Wieshaider|2004|loc=200}}.
9. ^{{cite web |author=Statistik Austria|title=Bevölkerung zu Jahresbeginn seit 2002 nach zusammengefasster Staatsangehörigkeit|url=https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/bevoelkerung/bevoelkerungsstruktur/bevoelkerung_nach_staatsangehoerigkeit_geburtsland/index.html|accessdate=2017-03-13}}
10. ^{{cite web|author=Minority Rights Group International|title=Turks|url=http://www.minorityrights.org/1907/austria/turks.html|accessdate=2009-01-15|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429201941/http://www.minorityrights.org/1907/austria/turks.html|archivedate=2009-04-29|df=}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11725311|title=Turkey's ambassador to Austria prompts immigration spat|work=BBC News}}
12. ^{{Harvnb|Matzka|2009|loc=3}}.

Bibliography

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|year=1976|author-link=| place = |publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-04478-7}}.
  • {{citation |last=Abbott|first=John S. C.|title=The Empire of Austria: Its Rise and Present Power

|year=2007|author-link=| place = |publisher=BiblioBazaar|isbn=1-4264-9252-9}}.
  • {{citation |last=Ache|first=Peter|title=Cities Between Competitiveness and Cohesion: Discourses, Realities and Implementation|year=2008|author-link=|place=|publisher=Springer|isbn=1-4020-8240-1}}.
  • {{citation |last=Akgündüz|first=Ahmet|title=Labour Migration from Turkey to Western Europe, 1960-1974: A Multidisciplinary Analysis|year=2008|author-link=|place=|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=0-7546-7390-1}}.
  • {{citation |last=Bauböck|first=Rainer|title=Migration and Citizenship: Legal Status, Rights and Political Participation

|year=2006|author-link=| place = |publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=90-5356-888-3}}.
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|year=2006|last1=Bhatia|last2=Ritchie|first1=Tej K.|first2=William C.|author-link=| place = |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|isbn=0-631-22735-0}}.
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Further reading

  • {{Citation|quotes=| last = Kroissenbrunner| first = Sabine| authorlink = | coauthors = |date= July 2003| title = Islam and Muslim Immigrants in Austria: Socio-Political Networks and Muslim Leadership of Turkish Immigrants| journal = Immigrants and Minorities | volume = 22| issue = 2–3| pages = 188–207| pmid = | doi = 10.1080/0261928042000244826 | url =|postscript=. }}
  • {{Citation| quotes = | last = Wets| first = Joha| authorlink = | coauthors = |date= March 2006| title = The Turkish Community in Austria and Belgium: The Challenge of Integration | journal = Turkish Studies| volume = 7| issue = 1| pages = 85–100| pmid = | doi = 10.1080/14683840500520600 | url =| postscript = . }}

External links

  • Austria signals policy changes for better relations with Turkey
{{Ethnic groups in Austria}}{{Immigration to Austria}}{{Turkish diaspora}}Avrupa'da yaşayan Türk vatandaşları#Avusturya

7 : Austrian people of Turkish descent|Turkish diaspora by country|Turkish diaspora in Europe|Middle Eastern diaspora in Austria|Ethnic groups in Austria|Austria–Turkey relations|Muslim communities in Europe
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