“Tuscan red”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tuscan red is a shade of red that was used on the passenger cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad, as well as on the PRR TrucTrailers. It also was used extensively by the New South Wales Government Railways in Australia, in a similar fashion to the PRR.^[3] The Canadian Pacific Railway used it historically and painted its luxury revival cars in this color.^[4] It is also a Prismacolor colored pencil.

The first recorded use of Tuscan red as a color name in English was in the early 1800s (exact date uncertain).^[5]

The color was popular in the late 19th century but non-standardized. It became the ‘signature color’ of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which instituted specifications for its formulation.^[6]{{rp|36}}^[7] Before the 1880s, pigments extracted from Brazil wood were used in its manufacture, but these proved inadequate in terms of hiding power and stability.^[7]

A 1916 US National Bureau of Standards circular describes it as based on Indian red, which derives its color from iron oxides. The color was then modified by treatment with an alizarin lake pigment. The pigment’s stability lent itself to hard use in applications such as rail cars and machinery.^[8] Lower-cost imitations were made without iron oxides by using gypsum or whiting as a base and adding aniline dyes.^[9]

Variations

The traditional color Tuscan red is shown above. The lighter tones of Tuscan red tend toward tan and beige. The darker tones of Tuscan red tend toward purplish tones. These purplish tones of Tuscan red are exemplified by the color deep Tuscan red, shown below.

Tuscan

Tuscany

The first recorded use of Tuscany as a color name in English was in 1922.^[14]

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #16-1219 TPX—Tuscany.^[15]

Tuscan tan

The first recorded use of Tuscan tan as a color name in English was in 1926.^[17]

Tuscan brown

The first recorded use of Tuscan brown as a color name in English was in 1913.^[19]

Medium Tuscan red

Medium Tuscan red is that tone of Tuscan red that is called Tuscan red in the ISCC-NBS color list.

See also

References

1. ^web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #7C3030 (Tuscan Red):
2. ^The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called Tuscan red in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color Tuscan Red is displayed on page 37, Plate 7, Color Sample L8.
3. ^{{cite book|author=John C. Dunn|title=Comeng: A History of Commonwealth Engineering, 1921-1955|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJXEiRvswoIC&pg=PA56|accessdate=12 September 2011|date=March 2007|publisher=Rosenberg Publishing|isbn=978-1-877058-42-4|page=56}}
4. ^{{cite book|author=Tom Murray|title=Canadian Pacific Railway|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6Uvm3kzfJMC&pg=PA114|accessdate=12 September 2011|date=1 July 2006|publisher=Voyageur Press|isbn=978-0-7603-2255-0|page=114}}
5. ^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Tuscan Red: Page 37 Plate 7 Color Sample L8—The color shown above in the color box at the head of the article matches the color sample in the book.
6. ^{{Schafer-American passenger train}}
7. ^¹{{cite book|author=Charles Ludwig Uebele|title=Paint making and color grinding: a practical treatise for paint manufacturers and factory managers, including comprehensive information regarding factory arrangement; pigments; vehicles and thinners; liquid and cold water paints as well as practical working formulas and recipes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lciEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA213|accessdate=12 September 2011|year=1913|publisher=The Painters magazine|pages=213–218}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=United States. National Bureau of Standards|title=Circular of the Bureau of Standards|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_EsbAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA10-PA38|accessdate=12 September 2011|year=1916|publisher=U.S. Govt. Print. Off.|page=10}}
9. ^{{cite book|author=Albanis Ashmun Kelly|title=The expert house painter: A reliable guide for the experienced house painter and manual of instruction for the less expert workman ... Formulas given for various paint mixtures, tests for ascertaining purity and value of materials, how to choose and combine proper colors in their true scientific relations, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v07iAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181|accessdate=13 September 2011|year=1920|publisher=David McKay company|page=181}}
10. ^web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #FAD6A5 (Tuscan):
11. ^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Tuscan: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample E5
12. ^web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #C09999 (Tuscany):
13. ^Type the word "Tuscany" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
14. ^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Tuscany: Page 37 Plate 10 Color Sample L11
15. ^Pantone TPX Pantone Color Finder--Type the word "Tuscany" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear:
16. ^web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #A67B5B (Tuscan Tan):
17. ^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Tuscan tan: Page 49 Plate 13 Color Sample C8
18. ^web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #79443B (Tuscan Brown):
19. ^Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 206; Color Sample of Tuscany: Page 37 Plate 7 Color Sample H12
20. ^web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code #79443B (Medium Tuscan Red):