“Twelve Heavenly Generals”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Twelve Heavenly Generals

释义

Names of Generals
Popular culture
See also
References
External links

In some Buddhist denominations, the Twelve Heavenly Generals or Twelve Divine Generals are the protective deities, or yaksha, of Bhaisajyaguru, the buddha of healing. They are introduced in the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra.^[1]

They are collectively named as follows:

{{zh|s=十二神将|t=十二神將|p=Shí'èr Shén Jiāng}}
Japanese: {{nihongo||十二神将|Jūni Shinshō}} or {{nihongo||十二神王|Jūni Shinnō}} or {{nihongo||十二薬叉大将| Jūni Yakusha Taishō}}^[2]

Names of Generals

The precise names of the generals seem to vary depending on tradition. Those listed below are from an available Sanskrit transcription of the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaiḍūryaprabhārāja Sūtra:^[3]

Sanskrit	Kanji	romanized Japanese	Pinyin	Vietnamese	Tibetan (Wly.)	Zodiac	Honji
sa\|Kiṃbhīra}}	宮毘羅金毘羅}}	Kubira Kompira (Shinto)	Guānpíluò Jīnpíluò	Hợi Thần	Ji 'jigs	Pig	Maitreya
sa\|Vajra}}	伐折羅}}	Basara, Bazara	Fázhéluò	Tuất Thần	Rdo rje	Dog	Mahāsthāmaprāpta
sa\|Mekhila}}	迷企羅}}	Mekira, Meikira	Míqǐluò	Dậu Thần	Rgyan 'dzin	Rooster	Amitābha
sa\|Antila}}	安底羅}}	Anchira, Anteira	Āndǐluò	Thân Thần	Gza' 'dzin	Monkey	Avalokiteśvara
sa\|Anila}}	頞儞羅}}	Anira	Ènǐluò	Mùi Thần	Rlung 'dzin	Goat	Mārīcī
sa\|Saṇṭhila}}	珊底羅}}	Sanchira, Santeira	Shāndìluò	Ngọ Thần	Gnas bcas	Horse	Ākāśagarbha
sa\|Indala}}	因達羅}}	Indara	Yīndàluò	Tỵ Thần	Dbang 'dzin	Snake	Kṣitigarbha
sa\|Pāyila}}	波夷羅}}	Haira	Bōyìluò	Thìn Thần	Gtun 'dzin	Dragon	Mañjuśrī
sa\|Mahāla}}	摩虎羅}}	Makora Makura	Mòhǔluò	Mão Thần	Sgra 'dzin	Rabbit	Bhaiṣajyaguru
sa\|Cidāla}}	真達羅}}	Shintara Shindūra	Zhēndàluò	Dần Thần	Bsam 'dzin	Tiger	Samantabhadra
sa\|Caundhula}}	招杜羅}}	Shōtora Shatora	Zhāodùluò	Sửu Thần	'dzin	Ox	Vajrapāṇi
sa\|Vikala}}	毘羯羅}}	Bikara Bigyara	Píjiéluò	Tý Thần	Rdzogs byed	Rat	Śākyamuni

While the Honji and zodiac correspondences listed above are the standard in Japanese sources, there is variation among texts and regional traditions.^[4]

Popular culture

Statues of the Twelve Heavenly Generals stand in Ngong Ping, Hong Kong.

References

1. ^{{Cite encyclopedia| edition = online| last = Mary Neighbour Parent| title = JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System| encyclopedia = Japanese Architectural and Art Historical Terminology| accessdate = 2009-04-20| year = 2001| url = http://www.aisf.or.jp/%7Ejaanus/}}
2. ^{{Cite web| last = Mark Schumacher| title = 12 Divine Generals of Yakushi Buddha| work = A to Z Photo Dictionary: Japanese Buddhist Statuary| accessdate = 2009-06-24| url = http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/12-generals.shtml}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharājasūtram |url=http://www.dsbcproject.org/canon-text/content/36/283 |website=Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Canon |accessdate=2019-03-02}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=薬師十二神将 |url=http://www.tobifudo.jp/butuzo/12sinsho/index.html |website=Flying Deity Tobifudo |accessdate=2019-03-02}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20121109064255/https://picasaweb.google.com/harshad1942/TwelveHeavenlyGeneralsChineseJapanese Album of 12 Heavenly Generals at Ngong Ping]

5 : Yaksha|Buddhist deities|Japanese religions terms|Shingon Buddhism|War gods

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

Names of Generals

Popular culture

See also

References

External links