| 词条 | Muhammad ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur |
| 释义 |
The native Harari appealed to khedive Isma'il of Egypt, who then directed Ra'uf Pasha, in command of the military expedition that had annexed Zeila and Berbera to Egypt in 1870, to march on Harar. Ra'uf Pasha occupied Harar October 1875, according to Trimingham, "without encountering any resistance except for some from the Galla tribes. So ended the independence of the city-state of Harar after less than two centuries."[3] Two letters of Emir Muhammad survive, both dated 6 October 1875, to Ra'uf Pasha, which discuss the terms of the city's surrender.[4] See also
References1. ^S. Waldron, "The political economy of Harari-Oromo relationships (1554-1975)", p. 12 (Forced migration Online website, accessed 3 July 2009) {{DEFAULTSORT:Muhammad ibn Ali Abd ash-Shakur}}{{Ethiopia-royal-stub}}2. ^{{cite book |last= Pankhurst|first= Richard K. P.|title= Economic History of Ethiopia|year= 1968|publisher= Haile Selassie I University|location= Addis Ababa|page=37}} 3. ^J. Spencer Trimingham, Islam in Ethiopia (Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952), pp 120f. 4. ^Printed with an English translation in Sven Rubenson (ed.), Acta Aethiopica, Volume III: Internal Rivalries and Foreign Threats, 1869-1879 (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2000), letters 133 and 134. 3 : Emirs of Harar|Year of death missing|Year of birth missing |
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