| 词条 | Two-Ocean Navy Act |
| 释义 |
| shorttitle = Two-Ocean Navy Act | othershorttitles = Vinson-Walsh Act | longtitle = An Act to establish the composition of the United States Navy, to authorize the construction of certain naval vessels, and for other purposes. | colloquialacronym = | nickname = Navy Construction Act of 1940 | enacted by = 76th | effective date = July 19, 1940 | public law url = http://legisworks.org/congress/76/publaw-757.pdf | cite public law = 76-757 | cite statutes at large = {{usstat|54|779}} | acts amended = | acts repealed = | title amended = 34 U.S.C.: Navy | sections created = | sections amended = 34 U.S.C. §§ 494-497, 498-498k | leghisturl = | introducedin = House | introducedbill = {{USBill|76|H.R.|10100}} | introducedby = Carl Vinson (D-GA) | introduceddate = June 19, 1940 | committees = House Naval Affairs, Senate Naval Affairs | passedbody1 = House | passeddate1 = June 22, 1940 | passedvote1 = Passed | passedbody2 = Senate | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = July 10, 1940 | passedvote2 = Passed | conferencedate = | passedbody3 = | passeddate3 = | passedvote3 = | agreedbody3 = House | agreeddate3 = July 11, 1940 | agreedvote3 = Agreed | agreedbody4 = | agreeddate4 = | agreedvote4 = | passedbody4 = | passeddate4 = | passedvote4 = | signedpresident = Franklin D. Roosevelt | signeddate = July 19, 1940 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }} The Two-Ocean Navy Act, also known as the Vinson-Walsh Act, was a United States law enacted on July 19, 1940, and named for Carl Vinson and David I. Walsh, who chaired the Naval Affairs Committee in the House and Senate respectively. The largest naval procurement bill in U.S. history, it increased the size of the United States Navy by 70%.[1] HistoryModest naval expansion programs had been implemented by the Vinson-Trammell Act of 1934 and the Naval Act of 1938.[2][3] In early June 1940, Congress passed legislation that provided for an 11% increase in naval tonnage as well as an expansion of naval air capacity.[4] On June 17, a few days after German troops conquered France, Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark requested four billion dollars from Congress to increase the size of the American combat fleet by 70% by adding 257 ships amounting to 1,325,000 tons.[5] On June 18, after less than an hour of debate, the House of Representatives by a 316–0 vote authorized $8.55 billion for a naval expansion program, giving emphasis to aircraft. Rep. Vinson, who headed the House Naval Affairs Committee, said its emphasis on carriers did not represent any less commitment to battleships, but "The modern development of aircraft has demonstrated conclusively that the backbone of the Navy today is the aircraft carrier. The carrier, with destroyers, cruisers and submarines grouped around it[,] is the spearhead of all modern naval task forces."[6] It was enacted on July 19, 1940. The Act authorized the procurement of:[1][5] {{div col}}
The expansion program was scheduled to take five to six years, but a New York Times study of shipbuilding capabilities called it "problematical" unless planned "radical changes in design" were dropped.[7] See also
References1. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Hutcheson|first=John A., Jr.|title=Encyclopedia of World War II: A Political, Social, and Military History|page=1541}} 2. ^Allan R. Millett, "Assault from the sea: The development of amphibious warfare between the wars—the American, British, and Japanese experiences," in Williamson R. Murray, Allan R. Millett, eds., Military Innovation in the Interwar Period (Cambridge University Press, 1996), 83 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://legisworks.org/congress/73/publaw-135.pdf |title=Vinson-Trammell Act of 1934 - P.L. 73-135 |work=48 Stat. 503 ~ House Bill 6604 |date=March 27, 1934 |publisher=Legis★Works}} 4. ^David C. Evans and Mark R. Peattie, Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941 (Naval Institute Press, 1997), 356 5. ^1 The Decline and Renaissance of the Navy, 1922-1944, Senator David I. Walsh, 78th Congress, Session 2, Document No. 2, http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/USN/77-2s202.html 6. ^{{cite news|last=Trussell|first=C.P.|title={{frac|8|1|2}} Billion is Voted for 1,500 Warships|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1942/06/19/99331505.pdf|accessdate=9 August 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=19 June 1940}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=New Navy Building Proceeds Swiftly|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/07/21/132778582.pdf|accessdate=9 August 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=21 July 1940}} 6 : 1940 in American law|United States Navy in the 20th century|United States federal defense and national security legislation|76th United States Congress|1940 in the United States|1940 in military history |
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