| 词条 | Two-stream approximation |
| 释义 |
This approximation captures essence of the radiative transport in light scattering atmosphere.[2] Two-stream approximation is commonly used in parameterizations of radiative transport in global circulation models and in weather forecasting models such as WRF. There is a surprisingly large number of applications of the two-stream approximations, including variants such as Kubelka-Munk approximation. The two-stream approximation is the simplest approximation which can be used to explain common observation inexplicable by single-scattering arguments, such as the brightness and color of the clear sky, the brightness of clouds, the whiteness of a glass of milk, the darkening of sand upon wetting.[3] The two-stream approximation comes in many variants, including Eddington approximation, Modified Eddington, Quadrature, Hemispheric constant models.[2] Modern mathematical description of the two-stream approximation is given in several books.[4][5] See also
Notes and references1. ^{{cite book|title=An Introduction to Atmospheric Radiation|first=K. N.|last=Liou|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mQ1DiDpX34UC&dq=schuster+two+stream+climate+model&source=gbs_navlinks_s|page=106|accessdate=2017-10-22}} 2. ^1 W.E. Meador and W.R. Weaver, 1980, Two-Stream Approximations to Radiative Transfer in Planetary Atmospheres: A Unified Description of Existing Methods and a New Improvement, 37, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 630–643 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0469%281980%29037%3C0630%3ATSATRT%3E2.0.CO%3B2 3. ^Bohren, Craig F., 1987, Multiple scattering of light and some of its observable consequences, American Journal of Physics, 55, 524-533. 4. ^{{cite book|author=G. E. Thomas and K. Stamnes|title=Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean|publisher=Cambridge University Press.|year=1999|isbn=0-521-40124-0}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=A First Course In Atmospheric Radiation (2nd Ed.)|author=Grant W. Petty|publisher=Sundog Publishing, Madison, Wisconsin|year=2006|ISBN=0-9729033-0-5}} 6. ^ and 1 : Atmospheric radiation |
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