| 词条 | Tyisha Miller |
| 释义 |
| name = Tyisha Miller | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1979|03|09}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|1998|12|28|1979|03|09}} | death_place = Riverside, California | nationality = American | other_names = | occupation = | known_for = }} Tyisha Shenee Miller (March 9, 1979 – December 28, 1998) was an African American woman from Rubidoux, California. She was shot and killed by police officers called by family members who could not wake her as she lay unconscious in a car. The incident sparked demonstrations amid claims of police racism. The officers involved were fired from Riverside Police Department but did not face prosecution due to insufficient evidence, and were later afforded full back-pay after the decision to terminate their employment was found to be an "abuse of administrative discretion," though they were not reinstated. BackgroundIn the early morning hours of December 28, 1998, Tyisha Miller, a 19-year-old African American woman from Rubidoux, California, was driving with her 15-year-old friend in her aunt's car when the car's tire went flat.[1][2] A passing stranger helped them change the tire, but the spare was also flat, so the man led them to a gas station. The tire would not inflate, and so Miller waited in the car while the man drove her friend home to get assistance from the family.[2] When relatives arrived they found Miller apparently comatose in the locked car, with the engine running and the radio on. She was shaking bodily and foaming at the mouth, and had a .380 semi-automatic pistol in her lap.[2][3] Unable to wake her, they called 9-1-1. Four officers from the Riverside Police Department arrived at the scene within minutes and, informed by family members of the presence of a gun in the car, approached the vehicle with guns drawn.[3] After attempting for several minutes to get a response from Miller, the decision was made to force entry into the vehicle as Miller was in apparent need of immediate medical attention.[3] As one of the officers was attempting to remove the gun, Miller is said to have sat up and grabbed the weapon,[3] at which point the officers opened fire 23 times, hitting Miller with at least 12 bullets, including four in the head. An investigation of her death was undertaken and the officers involved, three white and one Hispanic, were placed on administrative leave.[4][5] They claimed they had acted in self-defense.[2][3] In January 1999 the United States Attorney announced an investigation of the shooting would be undertaken by the FBI; at the same time protestors demanded an independent investigation, alleging racism on the part of the police and a possible coverup of the facts.[6] ProtestsIn May 1999, Riverside County District Attorney Grover Trask, said the four police officers involved had probably made an error of judgment, but had committed no crime.[7] This sparked protests from Jesse Jackson and others, and hundreds turned out to demonstrate against the decision not to prosecute, resulting in the arrests of 46 protesters, including activist Al Sharpton and comedian Dick Gregory.[7][8] In the wake of these protests, Federal officials announced the formation of a unit of lawyers to investigate and prosecute civil rights violations, and a Federal Department of Justice investigation into Riverside Police Department, to determine if their practices and policies inherently violated civil rights.[9] Following shortly after this announcement, the four officers involved in the incident were fired for "violating department policies", a decision that had been made several weeks before.[10][11] Toxicological reports subsequently indicated that Miller had been under the influence of the drug gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) at the time of the shooting.[12] In January 2002, arbitrator Robert Steinberg of Culver City found that the officers had been wrongly fired and that the decision to terminate their employment constituted an "abuse of administrative discretion". He awarded them full back-pay, but did not order them to be reinstated.[13] In December 2002, the United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division closed the investigation, citing insufficient evidence to prosecute the police officers.[14] Dreamscape playA play called Dreamscape,[15] based on this incident, was written by Rickerby Hinds, a faculty member[16] in the Department of Theatre at University of California, Riverside (UCR). The play has been performed around the United States as well as in Poland, Romania, Hungary, and Turkey.[17] References1. ^{{citation | title = The mysterious death of Tyisha Miller | url = http://www.salon.com/news/1999/02/cov_08news2.html | date = | work = Salon.com | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{citation | work = New York Times | date = January 9, 2009 | title = Unanswered Questions in a Fatal Police Shooting | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/09/us/unanswered-questions-in-a-fatal-police-shooting.html?ref=tyisha_miller | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{citation | title = Fired RPD Officers Exonerated In Miller Shooting But Court Action Still Needed For Reinstatement | work = Legal Defense Fund – News Articles | url = http://poracldf.org/news/detail/237 | date = May 1, 2002 | accessdate = December 1, 2014}} 4. ^{{citation | title = Did Tyisha Miller Have To Die? | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/1998/12/30/national/main26514.shtml?source=search_story | work = CBS News | date = December 30, 1998}} 5. ^{{citation | title = National News Briefs; 12 Police Bullets Hit California Teen-Ager | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/02/us/national-news-briefs-12-police-bullets-hit-california-teen-ager.html?ref=tyisha_miller | work = New York Times | date = January 2, 1999 | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 6. ^{{citation | title = National News Briefs; U.S. to Examine Killing of Teen-Ager | work = New York Times | date = January 5, 1999 | accessdate = October 22, 2010 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/05/us/national-news-briefs-us-to-examine-killing-of-teen-ager.html?ref=tyisha_miller}} 7. ^1 {{citation | title = California Officers Cleared in Killing of Young Woman, Prompting Protests | work = New York Times | date = May 7, 1999 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/07/us/california-officers-cleared-in-killing-of-young-woman-prompting-protests.html?ref=tyisha_miller | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 8. ^{{citation | title = Hundreds Protest Killing of California Woman by Police | work = New York Times | date = May 11, 1999 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/11/us/hundreds-protest-killing-of-california-woman-by-police.html?ref=tyisha_miller | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 9. ^{{citation | title = National News Briefs; Task Force Is Formed In Shootings by Police | date = July 8, 1999 | work = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/09/us/national-news-briefs-task-force-is-formed-in-shootings-by-police.html?ref=tyisha_miller | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 10. ^{{citation | title = Officers to be fired in Tyisha Miller shooting case | work = CNN | url = http://articles.cnn.com/1999-06-12/us/9906_12_riverside.firing_1_michael-alagna-paul-bugar-daniel-hotard?_s=PM:US | date = June 12, 1999 | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 11. ^{{citation | title = National News Briefs; 4 Officers Are Fired In Killing of Woman | date = July 14, 1999 | work = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/14/us/national-news-briefs-4-officers-are-fired-in-killing-of-woman.html?ref=tyisha_miller | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 12. ^{{citation | title = Tyisha Miller Had Drug in Her System, Lawyer Says | work = Los Angeles Times | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/53470355.html?dids=53470355:53470355&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+03%2C+2000&author=TOM+GORMAN&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=Tyisha+Miller+Had+Drug+in+Her+System%2C+Lawyer+Says&pqatl=google | date = May 3, 2000 | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 13. ^{{citation | title = Tyisha Miller's Killers reinstated by arbitrator | url = http://la.indymedia.org/news/2002/01/14202.php | date = January 18, 2002 | work = Press Enterprise | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 14. ^{{citation | title = No Charges in Killing of Tyisha Miller | work = Los Angeles Times | url = http://articles.latimes.com/2002/dec/13/local/me-tyisha13 | date = December 13, 2002 | accessdate = October 22, 2010}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=Facebook Dreamscape |url=https://www.facebook.com/events/334552433241642/|accessdate=30 March 2012}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=UC Riverside Department of Theatre|url=http://theatre.ucr.edu/people/faculty/hinds/|accessdate=30 March 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327083801/http://theatre.ucr.edu/people/faculty/hinds/|archivedate=27 March 2012|df=}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Tyisha Miller police shooting to be made into movie|url=http://www.sbsun.com/20160716/tyisha-miller-police-shooting-to-be-made-into-movie/ |publisher=San Bernardino Sun |date=16 July 2016 | author=Stephen Wall |accessdate=17 May 2017}} External links
4 : 1979 births|1998 deaths|People from Riverside County, California|People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States |
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