“Muhaqqaq”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Muhaqqaq

释义

Notes
References
External links

Muhaqqaq is one of the main six types of calligraphic script in Arabic.^[1] The Arabic word muḥaqqaq ({{lang|ar|محقَّق}}) means "consummate" or "clear", and originally was used to denote any accomplished piece of calligraphy.^[2]

Often used to copy maṣāḥif (singular muṣḥaf, i.e. loose sheets of Quran texts), this majestic type of script was considered one of the most beautiful, as well as one of the most difficult to execute well.^[3] The script saw its greatest use in the Mameluk era (1250–1516/1517).^[4] In the Ottoman Empire, it was gradually displaced by Thuluth and Naskh; from the 18th century onward, its use was largely restricted to the Basmala in Hilyas.^[5]

The earliest reference to muḥaqqaq writing is found in the Kitab al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim, and the term was probably in use since the beginning of the Abbasid era to denote a specific writing style.^[6] Master calligraphers like Ibn Muqla and Ibn al-Bawwab contributed to the development of this and other scripts, and defined its rules and standards within Islamic calligraphy.^[7]

Notes

1. ^John F. A. Sawyer, J. M. Y. Simpson, R. E. Asher (eds.), Concise Encyclopedia of Language and Religion, Elsevier, New York 2001, {{ISBN|0-08-043167-4}}, p. 253.
2. ^Mansour, 139–140.
3. ^Mansour, 30.
4. ^Mansour, 278
5. ^Mansour, 187.
6. ^Mansour, 91.
7. ^Mansour, 20.

References

Nassar Mansour (author), Mark Allen (ed.): Sacred Script: Muhaqqaq in Islamic Calligraphy, I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, New York 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-84885-439-0}}

External links

"A leaf from the huge and famous 'Baysunqur Qur'an', Central Asia, c.1400", Columbia University (Quran page in Muhaqqaq)

1 : Arabic calligraphy

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。