| 词条 | Muhsin ibn Ali |
| 释义 |
| pre-nominals = | name = Muhsin ibn Ali | post-nominals = | image = Muhsin Ibn Ali.jpg | image_upright = | landscape = | alt = | caption = | native_name = محسن بن علي | native_name_lang = ar | pronunciation = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = | baptised = | disappeared_date = | disappeared_place = | disappeared_status = | death_date = 632 | death_place = | death_cause = | body_discovered = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | burial_place = | burial_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | years_active = | era = | employer = | organization = | agent = | known_for = | notable_works = | style = | home_town = | salary = | net_worth = | height = | weight = | television = | title = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | movement = | opponents = | boards = | criminal_charge = | criminal_penalty = | criminal_status = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | mother = Fatimah bint Muhammad | father = Ali ibn Abi Talib | relatives = Muhammad (grandfather) | family = | callsign = | awards = | website = | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | module6 = | signature = | signature_size = | signature_alt = | footnotes = }}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Islam}} Muhsin ibn Ali, also spelled Mohsin ibn Ali (Arabic: محسن بن علي), was a son of Fatimah bint Muhammad and Ali ibn Abi Talib. He was miscarried by Fatimah when the house of Fatimah and Ali was attacked by Umar and his supporters shortly after Muhammad died.[1][2] Muhsin is considered as a martyr by Shia Muslims.[3] The name "Muhsin" has become a widely-used name among Muslims, regardless of sect, in Muhsin's honor. NameThe name "Muhsin," like the names of Muhsin's brothers Hasan ibn Ali and Husain ibn Ali, comes from the Arabic root Ḥ-S-N. "Muhsin" can mean "beneficial"[4] or "one who does the act of helping." Background{{main article|Succession to Muhammad|The event of Ghadir Khumm}}A few months prior to his death, the Islamic prophet Muhammad gathered all the Muslims who were with him and delivered a long sermon. The sermon included the famous statement, "to whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their Mawla." After the end of the sermon, the Muslims were commanded to pledge allegiance to Ali. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, Abu Bakr, Umar, and Uthman were all among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event of Ghadir Khumm.[5][6][7][8] Muhammad died a few months after the event of Ghadir Khumm. As Ali buried Muhammad and led his funeral prayer, a group of approximately fourteen Muslims[9] gathered at Saqifa. At Saqifa, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr[10][11], despite the sermon that Muhammad had delivered at Ghadir Khumm, and despite Umar's pledge of allegiance to Ali.[12][13][14][15] The attack{{main|Umar at Fatimah's house}}After the gathering at Saqifa, Umar and his supporters went to the house of Fatimah; Ali, his family (including Fatimah), and some of his supporters were in the house.[16][17][18][19] Umar went to the door of Fatimah's house and said, "By Allah, I shall burn down (the house) over you unless you come out and give the oath of allegiance (to Abu Bakr)."[20][21][22][23][24] Zubayr ibn al-Awam, who had been in Ali's house, came out of the house with his sword drawn but reportedly tripped on something, after which Umar's supporters attacked him.[25][26] Umar, who was then in front of the door to Fatimah's house, said to Fatimah, "I know that the Prophet of God did not love any one more than you, but this will not stop me to carry out my decision. If these people stay in your house, I will burn the door in front of you."[27] According to another narration, Umar asked for wood, and then told those inside the house, "I swear by Allah who has my soul in his hand, that if you do not come out, I will burn the house." Umar was then informed that Fatimah was inside the house, to which he responded, "So what! It doesn’t matter to me who is in the house."[28][29] It is reported that when Fatimah heard the voices of Umar and his supporters threatening to attack the house, she cried out, "O father, O Messenger of Allah, how are Umar ibn al-Khattab and Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafah treating us after you and how do they meet us." The house was then attacked. Umar and his supporters burned the door of the house; they crushed Fatimah between the door and the wall of the house, they killed Muhsin, the baby in her stomach, and they forced Ali out of the house against his will.[30][31] According to some narrations, a rope was tied around Ali's neck.[32][33][34][35][36][37] The famous historian Abul Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Mas’udi wrote the following in his book Isbaat al-Wasiyyah: {{quote|They surrounded ‘Ali (as) and burned the door of his house and pulled him out against his will and pressed the leader of all women (Hadhrat Fatimah (sa)) between the door and the wall killing Muhsin (the male-child she was carrying in her womb for six months).}}Umar and his companions dragged Ali away. Fatimah urged them to stop, saying, "I will not permit Ali (a.s.) to be dragged with such cruelty and injustice. Woe be upon you, O people! How soon did you usurp our rights in relation to Allah and His Prophet (s.a.w.)." Umar then ordered Qunfuz to whip Fatimah. According to some narrations, Qunfuz whipped her back and her arms;[38] according to another, he struck her face;[39] according to another, he pushed her so hard that he smashed her ribs.[32] According to another report, Khalid bin Walid struck Fatimah with his sword; another report states that Mughirah Ibn Shu‘bah struck her with his sword.[32] RemembranceMuhsin ibn Ali is mourned by many Muslims, especially Shia Muslims, who consider him as a martyr. Shia Muslims mourn his death, along with the deaths of his grandfather Muhammad and his mother Fatimah, who all died within a very short time period. Shias also sometimes recite eulogies about Muhsin, as they do for other relatives of Muhammad. Muhsin is held in high regard by Muslims regardless of sect, and the name "Muhsin" has thus become commonly used by both Shia and Sunni Muslims. References1. ^{{cite book |last1=Al-Masudi |title=Isbaat al-Wilaayah |page=142 |quote=They attacked Fatimah’s (s.a.) house. They crushed the Chief of All Women behind the door so violently that it resulted in the miscarriage of Mohsin.}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=al-Shahrastaani |first1=Muhammad |title=Al-Milal wa al-Nehal, Volume 1 |page=57 |quote=Umar struck Fatimah violently in the abdomen (on the Day of Allegiance) so much so that she fell on her abdomen (resulting in the infant’s death).}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Hazrat Muhsin Ibn Ali (A.S) |url=https://www.sibtayn.com/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7570:hazrat-muhsin-ibn-ali-a-s&catid=641:articles&Itemid=270 |website=Sibtayn International Foundation |accessdate=7 February 2019}}{{rs|date=February 2019}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Muhsin Meaning |url=http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Muhsin.html |website=Our Baby Namer |publisher=OurBabyNamer.com |accessdate=23 February 2019}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Volume 4|page=281}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=al-Razi|first1=Fakhr|title=Tafsir al-Kabir, Volume 12|pages=49-50}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=al-Tabrizi|first1=al-Khatib|title=Mishkat al-Masabih|page=557}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Khand|first1=Mir|title=Habib al-Siyar, Volume 1, Part 3|page=144}} 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Suhufi |title=Stories from the Qur'an |date=2003 |publisher=Islamic Seminary Publications |page=312}} 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Al Qazwini|first1=Sayed Hossein|title=An Analysis of the event of Saqifa|url=https://mohamedridha.com/2012/04/08/an-analysis-of-the-event-of-saqifa/|website=mohamedridha|accessdate=25 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226032640/https://mohamedridha.com/2012/04/08/an-analysis-of-the-event-of-saqifa/|archive-date=26 February 2018|dead-url=no}} 11. ^{{cite book|last1=Ja'fari|first1=Sayyid Husayn Muhammad|title=The Origins and Early Development of Shia Islam|publisher=Ansariyan Publications|location=Qum}} 12. ^{{cite book|title=Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, Volume 4|page=281}} 13. ^{{cite book|last1=al-Razi|first1=Fakhr|title=Tafsir al-Kabir, Volume 12|pages=49-50}} 14. ^{{cite book|last1=al-Tabrizi|first1=al-Khatib|title=Mishkat al-Masabih|page=557}} 15. ^{{cite book|last1=Khand|first1=Mir|title=Habib al-Siyar, Volume 1, Part 3|page=144}} 16. ^{{cite book |title=Sahih Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 8, Tradition 817 |quote=Umar said: "And no doubt after the death of the Prophet we were informed that the Ansar disagreed with us and gathered in the shed of Bani Sa'da. 'Ali and Zubair and whoever was with them, opposed us, whilethe emigrants gathered with Abu Bakr."}} 17. ^{{cite book |last1=Ibn Hisham |title=Sirah al-Nabawiyyah, Volume 4 |page=309}} 18. ^{{cite book |title=History of Tabari, Volume 1 |page=1822 |language=Arabic}} 19. ^{{cite book |title=History of Tabari, Volume 9 |page=192 |language=English}} 20. ^{{cite book|title=History of Tabari, Volume 1|pages=1118-1120}} 21. ^{{cite book|title=History of Ibn Athir, Volume 2|page=325}} 22. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibn Abd Al-Barr|title=al-Isti’ab, Volume 3|page=975}} 23. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibn Qutaybah|title=Tarikh al-Kulafa, Volume 1|page=20}} 24. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibn Qutaybah|title=al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Volume 1|pages=19-20}} 25. ^{{cite book|title=History of Tabari, Volume 9|pages=186-187}} 26. ^{{cite book|last=Madelung |first=Wilferd |title=The Succession to Muhammad |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997}} 27. ^{{cite book|title=Kanz al-Ummal, Volume 3|page=140}} 28. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibn Qutaybah|title=al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Volume 1|page=3}} 29. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibn Qutaybah|title=al-Imamah wa al-Siyasah, Volume 1|pages=19-20}} 30. ^{{cite encyclopedia|first=Arthur F. |last=Buehler |editor1=Coeli Fitzpatrick |editor2=Adam Hani Walker |title=Fatima |encyclopedia=Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA186 |year=2014 |place=Santa Barbara, California |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-61069-178-9 |page=186}} 31. ^{{cite book |author=Sulaym bin Qays al-Hilali |url=http://www.al-khoei.org/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1297 |title=Kitab Sulaym Ibn Qays al-Hilali |chapter=Hadith 4 |pages=48-67 |publisher=Al-khoei.org |accessdate=4 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706011101/http://www.al-khoei.org/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=1297 |archivedate=6 July 2010 }} 32. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=The Attack on the house of H. Fatema Zahra (sa) Part 2|url=http://umar-ibn-khattab.blogspot.com/2011/02/attack-on-house-of-h-fatema-zahra-sa.html|website=Umar|publisher=Umar|accessdate=11 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312083237/http://umar-ibn-khattab.blogspot.com/2011/02/attack-on-house-of-h-fatema-zahra-sa.html|archive-date=12 March 2018|dead-url=no}} 33. ^{{cite book|last1=Ibn Qays|first1=Sulaym|page=74}} 34. ^{{cite book|title=Rejaale’ Kashi, Volume 1|page=37}} 35. ^{{cite book|title=Al Ihtejaj|page=73}} 36. ^{{cite book|title=As Seraat Al Mustaqeem, Volume 3|page=25}} 37. ^{{cite book|title=Kaukabe' Durriyah, Volume 1|pages=194-195}} 38. ^{{cite book|title=Ilmul Yaqeen, Volume 2|page=677}} 39. ^{{cite book|title=Seeratul Aimmah Ithna Ashar, Volume 1|page=145}} Further reading
6 : Arabs|7th-century Arabs|Family of Muhammad|Banu Hashim|Muslim martyrs|Infanticide |
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