| 词条 | Tyromyces |
| 释义 |
| image = Tyromyces chioneus 2 G6.jpg | image_width = | image_caption = Tyromyces chioneus | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Polyporales | familia = Polyporaceae | genus = Tyromyces | genus_authority = P.Karst. (1881) | type_species = Tyromyces chioneus | type_species_authority = (Fr.) P.Karst. (1881) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = }}Tyromyces is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881.[1] The type species is the widely distributed Tyromyces chioneus, commonly known as the white cheese polypore.[2] The phylogenetic position of Tyromyces within the Polyporales is uncertain, but it appears that it does not belong to the "core polyporoid clade".[3] Tyromyces is polyphyletic as it is currently circumscribed, and has been described as "a dumping place for monomitic white-rot species with thin-walled spores."[4] The genus name is derived from the Ancient Greek words {{lang|grc|τυρός}} ("cheese") and {{lang|grc|μύχης}} (fungus").[5] DescriptionTyromyces fungi have fruit bodies that are pileate (i.e., with a cap) to resupinate (crust-like). Fruit bodies are short-lived, and often mostly white, but turning a darker colour when dry. The colour of the pore surface is usually white to cream, sometime with greenish tinges. Like the cap surface, it darkens when dry.[6]Microscopic characteristicsThe hyphal system is either monomitic (meaning the fungus contains only generative hyphae, which in this case have clamps) or dimitic, containing both generative and skeletal hyphae. The spores are smooth, thin-walled, and hyaline (translucent). They are allantoid (long with rounded ends) to ovoid (egg-shaped), and are non-reactive with Melzer's reagent. There are no cystidia in the hymenium, although there may be cystidioles (sterile cells of about the same diameter and shape as an immature basidium that protrude beyond the surface of the hymenium).[6] Tyromyces are white rot fungi with a cosmopolitan distribution.[6]Species{{As of|2016|September}}, Index Fungorum accepts 119 species of Tyromyces.[9]
References1. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Binder, Manfred |author2=Justo, Alfredo |author3=Riley, Robert |author4=Salamov, Asaf |author5=Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc |author6=Sjökvist, Elisabet |author7=Copeland, Alex |author8=Foster, Brian |author9=Sun, Hui |author10=Larsson, Ellen |author11=Larsson, Karl-Henrik |author12=Townsend, Jeffrey |author13=Grigoriev, Igor V. |author14=Hibbett, David S. |year=2013 |title=Phylogenetic and phylogenomic overview of the Polyporales |journal=Mycologia |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=1350–1373 |doi=10.3852/13-003 |pmid=23935031}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]2. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Bitew, A. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2004 |title=Two new Tyromyces species from Ethiopia |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=18 |pages=80–82}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Bondartseva, M.A. |year=1969 |title=Species novae Polyporacearum |journal=Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rastenii |volume=6 |pages=142–146}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Christiansen, M.P. |year=1960 |title=Danish resupinate fungi. Part II. Homobasidiomycetes |journal=Dansk botanisk Arkiv |volume=19 |issue=2 |page=359}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |author=Corner, E.J.H. |year=1989 |title=Ad Polyporaceas V. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia |volume=96 |page=159}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Corner, E.J.H. |year=1992 |title=Additional resupinate non-xanthochroic polypores from Brazil and Malesia |journal=Nova Hedwigia |volume=55 |pages=119–152}} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Cunningham, G.H. |year=1965 |title=Polyporaceae of New Zealand |journal=Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Industrial Research |volume=164 |page=262}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Donk, M.A. |year=1960 |title=The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae |journal=Persoonia |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=173–302 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/61056/0001/002/0173.htm}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |author=Kirk, P.M. |title=Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/cc9f30154214660a61d445dded9c34d5 |accessdate=2016-09-17}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Ipulet, P. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2005 |title=The genus Tyromyces in tropical Africa |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=20 |pages=79–86}} 11. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Karsten, P.A. |year=1881 |title=Enumeratio Boletinearum et Polyporearum Fennicarum, systemate novo dispositarum |journal=Revue Mycologique Toulouse |volume=3 |issue=9 |pages=16–19 |language=Latin}} 12. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |author1=Mata, M. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=2010 |title=Studies in neotropical polypores 27. More new and interesting species from Costa Rica |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=27 |pages=59–72}} 13. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Miettinen, Otto |author2=Rajchenberg, Mario |year=2012 |title=Obba and Sebipora, new polypore genera related to Cinereomyces and Gelatoporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=131–147 |doi=10.1007/s11557-010-0736-8}} 14. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Núñez, Maria |author2=Ryvarden, Leif |title=New and interesting polypores from Japan |journal=Fungal Diversity |year=1999 |volume=3 |pages=107–121 |url=http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/FD_3_107-121.pdf |format=PDF}} 15. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Quanten, E. |year=1997 |title=The polypores (Polyporaceae s.l.) of Papua New Guinea. A preliminary conspectus |journal=Opera Botanica Belgica |volume=11 |pages=1–352}} 16. ^1 {{cite book |author=Roody, W.R. |title=Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5HGMPEiy4ykC&pg=PA388 |year=2003 |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |isbn=978-0-8131-2813-9 |page=388}} 17. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=1987 |title=New and noteworthy polypores from tropical America |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=525–541 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0028/002/0525.htm}} 18. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=2000 |title=Studies in neotropical polypores. 5. New and noteworthy species from Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=119–129 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0074/001/0119.htm}} 19. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, Leif |year=2012 |title=Studies in Neotropical polypores 32 |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=30 |pages=33–43}} 20. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, Leif |year=2012 |title=Type studies in Polyporaceae 27. Species described by P. Ch. Hennings |journal=Czech Mycology |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=13–31 |url=http://www.czechmycology.org/_cmo/CM64102.pdf}} 21. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |author1=Ryvarden, Leif |author2=Melo, Ireneia |title=Poroid Fungi of Europe |year=2014 |series=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=31 |publisher=Fungiflora |location=Oslo, Norway |isbn=978-8290724462 |page=434}} 22. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Ryvarden, L. |author2=Hausknecht, A. |author3=Krisai-Greilhuber, I. |year=2006 |title=Coltricia grandispora and Tyromyces vitellinus, two new polypores |journal=Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde |volume=15 |pages=143–147}} 23. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |author1=Ryvarden, L |author2=Guzmán, G. |year=2001 |title=Studies in neotropical polypores 12. New and noteworthy polypores from Mexico |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=78 |pages=245–256 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0078/0245.htm}} 24. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Zhao, J.D. |author2=Zhang, X.Q. |year=1983 |title=New species of genus Tyromyces from China |journal=Acta Mycologica Sinica |volume=2 |pages=18–25 |language=Chinese}} 25. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Zhao, Chang-Lin |author2=Liu, Shi-Liang |author3=Ren, Guang-Juan |author4=Ji, Xiao-Hong |author5=He, Shuanghui |year=2017 |title=Three species of wood-decaying fungi in Polyporales new to China |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=29–42 |doi=10.5248/132.29}} }}{{Taxonbar|from=Q5233899}} 4 : Tyromyces|Polyporales genera|Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten|Fungi described in 1881 |
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