| 词条 | Ubaydah ibn al-Harith |
| 释义 |
Ubaydah was the son of Al-Harith ibn Muttalib ibn Abdmanaf ibn Qusayy,[2][3] hence a second cousin of Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib and of Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib. His mother, Sukhayla bint Khuza'i, was from the Thaqif tribe. He had two full brothers, Al-Tufayl and Al-Husayn, who were more than twenty years younger than himself. Ubaydah's appearance is described as "medium, swarthy, with a handsome face."[3] Ubaydah is known for shooting the first arrow of Islam[4][5] and for being the first Muslim to die on the battlefield in defense of Islam.[6] HistoryUbaydah became a Muslim before Muhammad entered the house of Al-Arqam in 614.[3] His name is twelfth on Ibn Ishaq's list of people who accepted Islam at the invitation of Abu Bakr.[2] In 622 Ubaydah and his brothers, together with their young cousin Mistah ibn Uthatha, joined the general emigration to Medina.[3] They boarded with Abdullah ibn Salama in Quba[7] until Muhammad allotted them some land in Medina. Muhammad gave Ubaydah two brothers in Islam: Abu Bakr's freedman Bilal ibn Rabah and an ansar named Umayr ibn Al-Humam.[8] Military expeditions{{Main|Expedition of Ubaydah ibn al-Harith}}Some say that Ubaydah was the first to whom Muhammad gave a banner on a military expedition; others say Hamza was the first.[9] In April 623 Muhammad sent Ubaydah with a party of sixty armed Muhajirun to the valley of Rabigh. They expected to intercept a Quraysh caravan that was returning from Syria under the protection of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and 200 armed riders.[9][10][11][12][13] The Muslim party travelled as far as the wells at Thanyat al-Murra,[10][12] where Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas shot an arrow at the Quraysh. This is known as the first arrow of Islam.[10][11][14] Despite this surprise attack, "they did not unsheathe a sword or approach one another," and the Muslims returned empty-handed.[9][11][12] DeathHe was killed in the Battle of Badr in 624 when Utbah ibn Rabi'ah cut off his leg. It is alleged that he composed poetry while he was dying:
He was buried at Al-Safra.[9] He was the first Muslim to be killed in battle.[16] Muslims regard him as a shahid,[17] a word that cannot easily be translated into English but refers to a Muslim who dies in the course of his Islamic duties. Following his death, his widow Zaynab became Muhammad's fifth wife.[18] ChildrenHe had a wife, Zaynab bint Khuzaimah. By her, he was the father of nine children: Muawiya, Awn, Munqidh, Al-Harith, Ibrahim, Rabta, Khadija, Suhaykhla, Amina and Safiya.[3] See also
Shahid= martyr External links
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Razwy|first1=Sayed Ali Asgher|title=A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims|page=128}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ubaydah Ibn Al-Harith}}2. ^1 Muhammad ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, p. 116. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3. ^1 2 3 4 Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 36. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Razwy|first1=Sayed Ali Asgher|title=A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims|page=128}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Muir|first1=Sir William|title=The Life of Mohammed|date=1877|location=London}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Razwy|first1=Sayed Ali Asgher|title=A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims|page=136}} 7. ^Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume, p. 218. 8. ^Ibn Saad/Bewley, pp. 36-37. 9. ^1 2 3 Ibn Saad/Bewley, p. 37. 10. ^1 2 Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume, p. 281. 11. ^1 2 Haykal, M. H. (1935). Translated by al-Faruqi, I. R. A. (1976). The Life of Muhammad, p. 256. Chicago: North American Trust Publications. 12. ^1 2 Mubarakpuri, S. R. (1979). Ar-Raheeq Al-Maktum (The Sealed Nectar), p. 92. Riyadh: Darussalem Publishers. 13. ^{{cite book|last=Hawarey|first=Dr. Mosab|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJVqNwAACAAJ&dq=9789957051648|isbn=9789957051648|title=The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)|publisher=Islamic Book Trust|year=2010}}Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available [https://www.webcitation.org/5zLhjeYyz?url=http://military.hawarey.org/military_english.htm here] 14. ^{{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|usc=yes|5|57|74}} 15. ^Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume p. 349. 16. ^{{cite book|last1=Razwy|first1=Sayed Ali Asgher|title=A Restatement of the History of Islam & Muslims|page=136}} 17. ^Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. (2011). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 36, 73. Oxford: Routledge. 18. ^Ibn Hisham note 918. 4 : 624 deaths|People killed at the Battle of Badr|Year of birth unknown|Male Sahabah |
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