请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Uguisu no fun
释义

  1. History

  2. Processing

  3. Facial

  4. Mechanism of facial

  5. In popular culture

  6. Citations

  7. References

Uguisu no fun (Japanese: 鶯の糞, also called the "Geisha Facial"[1]), which literally means "nightingale feces" in Japanese, refers to the excrement (fun) produced by a particular nightingale called the Japanese bush warbler (Cettia diphone) (uguisu).[1] The droppings have been used in facials since ancient Japanese times.[1] Recently, the product has appeared in the Western world.[1] The facial is said to whiten the skin and balance skin tone, as well as treat skin affected by hyperpigmentation such as in the case of acne or sun damage.[2]

History

The use of nightingale excrement dates back to the Heian period (AD{{nbsp}}794{{ndash}}1185) when it was introduced to the Japanese by the Koreans.[1][3] Koreans used the guano to remove dye from kimono fabric, allowing them to make intricate designs on the clothing.[1][3] The Japanese used the bird droppings to remove stains from silk garments such as kimonos.[4][5] Then, during the Edo period (AD{{nbsp}} 1603{{ndash}}1868), the Japanese expanded its use by using it as a beauty treatment.[3] Some sources, however, report that as early as the third century Japanese women used bags of rice bran and supplies of nightingale droppings to whiten their skin.[6][7] Geishas and kabuki actors used heavy white makeup that contained zinc and lead, which likely caused many issues such as skin diseases.[1][8] Uguisu no fun was used to thoroughly remove this makeup and to whiten and balance skin tone.[1][4] Also, Buddhist monks used the droppings to polish and clean their bald scalps.[1][3]

The first modern written mention of the use of uguisu no fun is in a book entitled Shunkin-sho (Portrait of Lady Shunkin), published in 1933 by Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, set in Japan's Meiji period (1868{{ndash}}1912).

Currently, Hyakusuke is the last place in Tokyo to have the government-approved uguisu no fun.[9] This two-hundred-year-old cosmetic shop carries the powder along with other cosmetic products.[9][10]

The modern-day revival of uguisu no fun in Japan may be attributed to a respect for ancestral traditions as well as to the innovative culture of Japan.[11]

Processing

Uguisu no fun is harvested in nightingale farms in Japan.[1] Though wild nightingales eat insects and berries, the diet of the caged birds consists of organic seeds.[1][12] Some nightingales feed on caterpillars that eat from plum trees.[5] The guano is scraped from the cages, and an ultraviolet light is often used to kill the bacteria to sanitize it.[1][12] The droppings are then usually dried with a dehydrator.[1] Some are sun-dried for over two weeks while simultaneously being UV sterilized.[13] Next, it is ground into a fine white powder, and it is sold in this form.[1] The droppings are turned into powder in a special container that rotates for 18 hours with a ceramic ball.[13]

Facial

Rice bran is sometimes added to the guano for the purpose of exfoliation.[1] The powder is mixed with water yielding a paste.[1] The paste is massaged into the skin for a few minutes and then it is rinsed off.[1] The facial is usually rather odorless and sanitized.[1][5] The added rice bran can also neutralize the slight musky odor.[14]

In one New York spa that offers the Geisha Facial, the process takes about one hour and costs $180.[8]

Mechanism of facial

The way the facial works is not entirely clear.[4] The guano from the nightingale has a high concentration of urea and guanine.[1] Because birds excrete a fecal and urine waste from a single opening, called the cloaca, the fecal-urine combination gives the droppings a high concentration of urea.[1][4] Urea is sometimes found in cosmetics because it locks moisture into the skin.[1][4] The guanine may produce shimmery, iridescent effects on the skin.[1][8] It is claimed that because of the short intestine of the nightingale, the droppings have protein, a fat-degrading enzyme, and a whitening enzyme that acts on fat and scurf to whiten skin and even out blemishes.[13]

Numerous sources comment that "the amino acid guanine" gives uguisu no fun its cosmetic properties, though guanine is a nucleotide base, not an amino acid.[1][3][14]

In popular culture

Victoria Beckham, who has long suffered with acne, used uguisu no fun to improve her skin.[15] It was reported that Victoria Beckham admired the clarity of the skin of Japanese women and subsequently learned about the droppings.[12] David Beckham has been said to use the product as well.[15]

In the novel Memoirs of a Geisha, Chiyo repays Hatsumomo’s cruelty by mixing pigeon droppings with her face cream that contained unguent of nightingale droppings.[16]

In the 2012 movie Mirror Mirror, which is based on the fairytale Snow White, the evil queen, played by Julia Roberts, undergoes extreme beauty treatments in order to woo a prince. The treatment begins with an application of bird droppings to her face.

Citations

1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 {{cite web |url= http://health.howstuffworks.com/skin-care/beauty/skin-treatments/geisha-facial.htm|title=How Geisha Facials Work |author=Shanna Freeman |publisher= HowStuffWorks|accessdate=13 July 2010}}
2. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/health/2008/07/24/2008-07-24_new_yorks_weirdest_spa_treatments.html |title= New York's weirdest spa treatments |author= Amy Eisinger |publisher= NYDailyNews.com| accessdate=14 July 2010 | date=23 July 2008}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=The Nightingale Facial |author= Moore, Janet H. |newspaper=Asian Wall Street Journal |date=December 16, 2001}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |url= http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/homestyle/09/26/bird.poop.facials/index.html |title= Try a placenta or bird poop facial|author= Liane Yvkoff|publisher= Cable News Network|accessdate=13 July 2010 | date=26 September 2008}}
5. ^1 2 {{harvnb| Carroll | 2007| p=249}}
6. ^{{harvnb| Berg | 2001| p=174}}
7. ^{{harvnb| Drill et al. | 2002| p=86}}
8. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://www.shizukany.com/geisha-facial.htm |title= The Geisha Facial: From an ancient Japanese tradition...Bird Poop Facials!|author= Shizuka New York Day Spa|accessdate=13 July 2010}}
9. ^1 {{harvnb| Fodor | 2009| p=180}}
10. ^{{harvnb| Frommer | 2010| p=241}}
11. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-464194/Turning-Japanese-beauty-thats-taking-over.html|title= Turning Japanese: Beauty thats taking over |author= Stephanie Rafanelli |publisher= Associated Newspapers Ltd| accessdate=14 July 2010 | location=London | date=25 June 2007}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite news |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/beauty/3365670/Geisha-facial-the-latest-beauty-secret-of-Victoria-Beckham-brought-to-the-masses.html |title= Geisha facial, the 'latest beauty secret' of Victoria Beckham, brought to the masses|author= Melissa Whitworth |publisher= Telegraph Media Group Limited|accessdate=14 July 2010 | location=London | date=16 October 2008}}
13. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.body4real.co.uk/product.php?productid=18065&js=y|title=Japanese Nightingales Droppings (Uguisu No Fun)|author=Body4Real.co.uk|accessdate=14 July 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911000307/http://www.body4real.co.uk/product.php?productid=18065&js=y|archivedate=11 September 2011|df=}}
14. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://in.reuters.com/article/idINN2542211820080425|title= Facial with bird excrement takes flight at New York spa|author= Timothy Gardner |publisher= Thomson Reuters|accessdate=14 July 2010 | date=25 April 2008}}
15. ^1 {{cite news |url= http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1070772/Victoria-David-Beckhams-secret-perfect-glowing-skin-Bird-Poo.html|title= Victoria and David Beckham's secret to perfect glowing skin: Bird poo| author= Chris Johnson |publisher= Associated Newspapers Ltd| accessdate=14 July 2010 | location=London | date=7 October 2008}}
16. ^{{harvnb| Golden | 1997| p=80}}

References

  • {{cite book| last1=Carroll| first1=Marcie|last2=Carroll| first2=Rick | title=The Unofficial Guide to Maui| publisher= Wiley Publishing Inc.| location=Hoboken, NJ| page=249| year=2007| isbn=978-0-470-05224-2| ref=CITEREF_Carroll_2007}}
  • {{cite book| last=Fodor’s | title=Fodor’s Japan| edition=19| publisher=Fodor’s Travel| page=180| year=2009| isbn=978-1-4000-0827-8 | ref=CITEREF_Fodor_2009}}
  • {{cite book| last=Golden| first=Arthur| title=Memoirs of a Geisha| publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.| page=80| year=1997| isbn=0-375-40011-7| ref=CITEREF_Golden_1997}}
  • {{cite book| last=Frommer’s | title=Frommer’s Tokyo| publisher= Wiley Publishing Inc.| location=Hoboken, NJ| page=241| year=2010| isbn=978-0-470-53764-0| ref=CITEREF_Frommer_2010}}
  • {{cite book| last=Berg| first=Rona| title=Beauty: The New Basics| publisher= Wiley Publishing Inc.| page=249| year=2007| isbn=978-0-7611-0186-4| ref=CITEREF_Berg_2001}}
  • {{cite book| last1=Drill| first1=Esther|last2=McDonald| first2=Heather | last3=Odes| first3=Rebecca| title=The Looks Book| publisher=Penguin (Non-Classics)| page=86| year=2002| isbn=978-0-14-200211-7| ref=CITEREF_Drill et al._2002}}
{{Cosmetics|state=expanded}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Uguisu No Fun}}

4 : Feces|Japanese culture|Skin care|Traditional medicine
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/14 12:50:34