| 词条 | Municipalities of South Africa |
| 释义 |
Municipalities are governed by municipal councils which are elected every five years. The councils of metropolitan and local municipalities are elected by a system of mixed-member proportional representation, while the councils of district municipalities are partly elected by proportional representation and partly appointed by the councils of the constituent local municipalities.[4] CategoriesMunicipalities can belong to one of three categories: metropolitan, district and local (referred to in the constitution as categories A, B and C). Metropolitan municipalities{{main|Metropolitan municipality (South Africa)}}Metropolitan (or category A) municipalities represent large densely urbanised regions that encompass multiple cities and so constitute a metropolis. For example, the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality encompasses the city of Durban and surrounding towns. The Johannesburg region is actually covered by three municipalities: the Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, and the West Rand District Municipality. There are eight metropolitan municipalities in South Africa, with the most recently created concurrently with the 2011 municipal election being the Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality surrounding the metropolitan area of Bloemfontein and Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality around East London. District and local municipalities{{main|District municipality (South Africa)|Local municipality (South Africa)}}In areas which are primarily rural, the local government is divided into district municipalities and local municipalities. District (or category C) municipalities are the main divisions of South Africa's provinces; they are subdivided into local (or category B) municipalities. Local municipalities share authority with the district municipality under which they fall. For example, the Msunduzi Local Municipality is contained within the District Municipality of uMgungundlovu, in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. LayeringDistrict{{main|Districts of South Africa}}Metropolitan and district municipalities form the layer of government directly below provinces. Eight metropolitan municipalities and 44 district municipalities cover the entirety of South Africa. Local{{main|List of South African municipalities}}Local municipalities represent a subdivision of the district municipalities, and form the third layer of government. Metropolitan municipalities have no such official subdivisions, but in one case, the Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, custom subdivisions have been established, known as administrative regions. Electoral wardsThe final layer of subdivision of electoral regions in South Africa are electoral wards. Local and metropolitan municipalities are subdivided into electoral wards. LegislationApart from Chapter 7 of the South African Constitution, the South African Parliament has passed several pieces of legislation to deal specifically with local government in South Africa. Name changesThe South African Geographical Names Council is a statutory body that deals specifically with changing names of places in South Africa, including municipalities. Reference List1. ^With the exception of the Prince Edward Islands, although they are for certain legal purposes deemed to fall within the City of Cape Town. 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.mediaclubsouthafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2346:elections-110511&catid=44:developmentnews&Itemid=111 |title=Municipal elections: fact file |publisher=Media Club South Africa |date=11 May 2011 |accessdate=24 May 2012}} 3. ^{{cite press release |author= |title=Electoral Commission on 2016 municipal elections |url=http://www.gov.za/speeches/2016-municipal-elections-8-jun-2016-0000 |publisher=Electoral Commission |date=8 June 2016 |access-date=21 January 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/localgov/webundrstdlocgov.html |title=Understanding Local Government |work=Community Organisers Toolbox |publisher=Education and Training Unit |accessdate=24 May 2012}} See also
External links
4 : Municipalities of South Africa|Subdivisions of South Africa|Country subdivisions in Africa|Third-level administrative country subdivisions |
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