- Chevron Phillips Clemens Terminal
- Development
- See also
- References
- External links
Underground hydrogen storage is the practice of hydrogen storage in underground caverns,[1][2] salt domes and depleted oil/gas fields.[3][4] Large quantities of gaseous hydrogen have been stored in underground caverns by ICI for many years without any difficulties.[5] The storage of large quantities of hydrogen underground in solution-mined salt domes,[6] aquifers[7] or excavated rock caverns or mines can function as grid energy storage[8] which is essential for the hydrogen economy.[9] By using a turboexpander the electricity needs for compressed storage on 200 bar amounts to 2.1% of the energy content.[10]Chevron Phillips Clemens TerminalThe Chevron Phillips Clemens Terminal in Texas has stored hydrogen since the 1980s in a solution-mined salt cavern. The cavern roof is about {{convert|2800|ft}} underground. The cavern is a cylinder with a diameter of {{convert|160|ft}}, a height of {{convert|1000|ft}} and a usable hydrogen capacity of {{convert|1066|Mcuft}}, or {{convert|2520|MT}}.[11] Development- Sandia National Laboratories released in 2011 a life cycle cost analysis framework for geologic storage of hydrogen.[12]
- The European project Hyunder[13] indicated in 2013 that for the storage of wind and solar energy an additional 85 caverns are required as it cannot be covered by PHES and CAES systems.[14]
- ETI released in 2015 a report The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system noting that the UK has sufficient salt bed resources to provide tens of GWe.[15]
See also- Grid energy storage
- Hydrogen infrastructure
- Hydrogen economy
- Hydrogen turboexpander-generator
- Power to gas
- Timeline of hydrogen technologies
References1. ^1979 - Underground hydrogen storage. Final report.
2. ^hydrogen storage cavern system
3. ^Underground hydrogen storage problems in Russia
4. ^Energy storage 2012
5. ^1994 - ECN abstract
6. ^2006-Underground hydrogen storage in geological formations
7. ^Brookhaven National Lab -Final report
8. ^Large-scale hydrogen underground storage for securing fu-ture energy supplies {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728194442/http://juwel.fz-juelich.de:8080/dspace/bitstream/2128/4071/1/HS1_8_Crotogino_rev0426.pdf |date=2014-07-28 }}
9. ^LINDBLOM U. E. ; A conceptual design for compressed hydrogen storage in mined caverns
10. ^Energy technology analysis.Pag.70
11. ^ORNL-Pag.20 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206092054/http://www.ornl.gov/~webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/125102.pdf |date=2008-12-06 }}
12. ^a life cycle cost analysis framework for geologic storage of hydrogen
13. ^Hyunder
14. ^Storing renewable energy: Is hydrogen a viable solution?{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=no }}
15. ^The role of hydrogen storage in a clean responsive power system
External links- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091123040321/http://www.praxair.com/praxair.nsf/0/3A0AB529A089B473852571F0006398A3/$file/027847_PRAX_RefinSpec_4_low_res.pdf Hydrogen Supply Availability with Cavern Storage]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080618045541/http://www.ika.rwth-aachen.de/r2h/index.php/Large_Hydrogen_Underground_Storage Large Hydrogen Underground Storage]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125002008/http://www.ipp.mpg.de/ippcms/ep/ausgaben/ep200802/bilder/wasserstoff_speicher Wasserstoff-Speicherung in Salzkavernen zur Glättung des Windstromangebots] (German)
- 1993-Energy and hydrogen Pag.48
- 2009-SNL-Geologic Storage of Hydrogen
- Hydrogen stored in salt caverns could be converted into flexible power source [https://web.archive.org/web/20150522060210/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/energy/news/hydrogen-stored-in-salt-caverns-could-be-converted-into-flexible-power-source/1020404.article archive]
2 : Sustainable technologies|Hydrogen storage |