| 词条 | Unha | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Unha |image = North Korean Unha-3 rocket at launch pad.jpg |imsize = 250 |caption = Unha-3 at launch pad in April 2012 |function = Expendable carrier rocket |manufacturer = Korean Committee of Space Technology |country-origin = North Korea |height = {{convert|28-30|m}}[1] |diameter = {{convert|2.4|m}} |mass = {{convert|86,750-91,000|kg}} |stages = 3 |LEO-payload = 200 kg[2] |alt-LEO = 465 x 502 km |payload-location = |payload = |alt-payload = |status = Active |sites = Sohae, Tonghae |launches = 4 |success = 2 |fail = 2 |first=5 April 2009[3] |stagedata = |type = stage |stageno = First |engines = 4 Nodong 2-1[4][1] |thrust = 1192.8 kN[4][1] |burntime = 120 seconds[4][1] |SI = 252 sec[4][1] |fuel = UDMH / N2O4[4][1] |length = {{convert|15|m|abbr=on}} |diameter = {{convert|2.4|m|abbr=on}} }} {{Infobox Rocket/Stage|type = stage |stageno = Second |engines = 4 verniers[4] |thrust = 125 kN[1] |SI = 255 s[4] |burntime = 220 seconds[4][1] |fuel = UDMH / N2O4[4][1] |length = {{convert|8.8-9.3|m|abbr=on}} |diameter = {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}} }} {{Infobox Rocket/Stage|type = stage |stageno = Third |engines = 2 verniers[4][1] |thrust = 35.4 kN[1] |SI = 230 sec[4] |burntime = 245 seconds[4] |fuel = UDMH / N2O4[4] |length = {{convert|3.7-5.7|m|abbr=on}} |diameter = {{convert|1.2-1.25|m|abbr=on}} }} The Unha or Eunha ({{lang-ko|은하, 銀河}}, "Galaxy")[5] is a North Korean expendable carrier rocket, which partially utilizes the same delivery system as the Taepodong-2 long-range ballistic missile.[6] HistoryNorth Korea's first orbital space launch attempt occurred on August 31, 1998 and was unsuccessful. This launch attempt was performed by a Paektusan-1 rocket, which used a solid motor third stage, a Scud-missile-based second stage, and a Nodong-1 based first stage. Nodong-1 was a North Korean-developed stage thought to be a scale-up of the old Soviet Scud missile. The Paektusan-1 stood {{convert|22.5|m}} tall, was {{convert|1.8|m|ft|sigfig=1}} in diameter, and weighed about 21 tonnes. Vehicle descriptionThe Unha's first stage consists of four clustered Nodong motors, which themselves are enlarged Scud motors. The second stage was initially thought to be based on the SS-N-6, although it, too, is now believed to be based on Scud technology.[7] The third and last stage might be identical to the Iranian Safir's second stage which is propelled by two small gimballed motors.[7][8] Recent satellite images of the Sohae Satellite Launching Station showing an enlarged launch tower under construction indicate that an enlarged version, called Unha-X, might be under development, coupled with a North Korean propaganda poster showing such a vehicle.[9] {{Infobox Korean name|hangul = {{linktext|은|하}} |hanja = {{linktext|銀|河}} |mr = Ŭnha |rr = Eunha |context=north }} Launch historyOn 24 February 2009, North Korea announced that a Unha rocket would be used to launch the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite.[10] According to the South Korean government, the launch took place on 5 April[11] from the Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground in Hwadae county.[12] Several countries, including South Korea, the U.S., and Japan, voiced concerns that the launch would violate United Nations Security Council Resolution 1718 which prohibits North Korea from testing ballistic missiles.[13] Russia also announced they urged North Korea to refrain from its planned rocket launch.[14] On April 5, 2009 the Unha-2 rocket was launched at around 02:30 hours UTC (11:30 hours KST).[15] The U.S Northern Command said that the first stage of the rocket fell into the Sea of Japan, while the other rocket stages as well as the payload fell into the Pacific Ocean, and no object entered orbit.[16][17] Later analysis indicated the rocket impacted {{convert|2390|mi}} from the launch site, and that the second stage operated normally but the rocket's third stage failed to separate properly.[18] North Korea maintains that the rocket successfully put its payload in orbit.[19] On December 12, 2012, the Unha-3 Unit-2 rocket was launched at 00:49 UTC (7:49 EST).[20] The U.S Northern Command said that the first stage of the rocket fell into the Yellow Sea, while the debris of the second stage was assessed to have fallen into the Philippine Sea and confirmed that the satellite had entered orbit.[21]
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|url=http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-3/Description/Frame.htm|title=Unha-3|first=Norbert|last=Brugge|work=Space Rockets Rest Of World|accessdate=30 December 2017}} 2. ^http://spaceflight101.com/status-of-north-korean-satellite-unknown-after-prolonged-radio-silence-reports-of-tumbling/ 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/unha.htm|title=Unha ("Taepodong-2")|first=Gunter|last=Krebs|work=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=19 April 2012}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/Wright-Analysis-of-NK-launcher-3-18-09.pdf|title=An Analysis of North Korea's Unha-2 Launch Vehicle|author=David Wright|publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists|format=PDF|date=March 20, 2009|accessdate=January 23, 2013}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE52C1NG20090313|title=FACTBOX: North Korea's Taepodong-2 long-range missile|date=2009-03-13|publisher=Reuters|pages=|accessdate=2009-03-30 | first=Jack | last=Kim}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5bCbd3G8qFoX7H4TvQbUWvBQ08QD975MUDO0|archive-url=https://archive.is/20090329215507/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5g5bCbd3G8qFoX7H4TvQbUWvBQ08QD975MUDO0|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2009-03-29|title =North Korea positions rocket for April liftoff |publisher= AP|date=2009-03-27|accessdate=2009-03-28}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=http://allthingsnuclear.org/markus-schillers-analysis-of-north-koreas-unha-3-launcher/ |title=Markus Schiller's Analysis of North Korea's Unha-3 Launcher |author=David Wright |work = All Things Nuclear |publisher=Union of Concerned Scientists |date=22 February 2013 |accessdate=7 March 2013}} 8. ^http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/post-launch-examination-of-the-unha-2 9. ^http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/Rest_World/Unha-X/Description/Frame.htm 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-02/24/content_10883499.htm|script-title=zh:朝鲜将发射"光明星二号"试验通讯卫星|publisher= Xinhua|date=2009-02-24|accessdate=2009-03-14|language=Chinese}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/north-korea-fires-longrange-rocket-reports-20090405-9sz1.html|title=North Korea fires long-range rocket: reports|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=2009-04-05|accessdate=2009-04-05}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking%2BNews/Asia/Story/STIStory_343129.html|title=Kim tours rocket launch area|date=2009-02-26|publisher=The Straits Times|accessdate=2009-03-14}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/03/113_41280.html|title=US Warns NK Not to Launch Rocket|date=2009-03-14|publisher=The Korea Times|accessdate=2009-03-14}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090327-131542.html|title =Russia urges North Korea to refrain from rocket launch|publisher=Asiaone News|date=2009-03-27|accessdate=2009-03-28}} 15. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7982874.stm | work=BBC News | title=Defiant N Korea launches rocket | date=April 5, 2009 | accessdate=May 24, 2010}} 16. ^"NORAD and USNORTHCOM monitor North Korean launch" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017015121/http://www.northcom.mil/News/2009/040509.html |date=2012-10-17 }} U.S. Northern Command News. April 5, 2009. Last accessed April 5, 2009. 17. ^{{cite news|title=North Korea Seeks Political Gain From Rocket Launch|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/07/world/asia/07korea.html?hpw|publisher=The New York Times|date=2009-04-06|accessdate=2009-04-07 | first1=Choe | last1=Sang-Hun | first2=Helene | last2=Cooper | first3=David E. | last3=Sanger}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0904/10northkorea/|title=North Korean rocket flew further than earlier thought|author=Craig Covault|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=10 April 2009|accessdate=2009-04-17}} 19. ^"TEXT-N.Korea says it successfully launched satellite" Reuters UK 5 April 2009. Retrieved 30 June 2009. 20. ^{{cite news| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/11/world/asia/north-korea-rocket-launch/index.html?hpt=hp_t1 | work=CNN | title=North Korea carries out controversial rocket launch | date=December 12, 2012 | accessdate=December 12, 2011}} 21. ^"North Korea Successfully Launches Satellite: Reports",SPACE.com, December 12, 2012 (accessed 24 Sept. 2014) 22. ^http://www.space.com/15258-north-korea-rocket-launch-fails.html 23. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/12/11/north-korea-fires-long-range-rocket-in-defiant-move-south-korea-says/|title=North Korea fires long-range rocket in defiant move, South Korea says |publisher=Fox News|date=2012-12-11|accessdate=2012-12-11}} 24. ^http://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/delay-12102012141437.html 25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2012/12/2012121115557196677.html|title=North Korea announces rocket launch date|publisher=Al-Jazeera|date=2012-12-01|accessdate=2012-12-01}} External links{{Wikinews|North Korea launches rocket}}{{Commons category|Unha missiles}}
3 : Space launch vehicles of North Korea|Expendable space launch systems|Vehicles introduced in 2009 |
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