| 词条 | Muriel Rukeyser |
| 释义 |
| name = Muriel Rukeyser | image = Muriel Rukeyser by Imogen Cunningham, 1945.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Muriel Rukeyser in 1945 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | pseudonym = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1913|12|15}} | birth_place = New York City | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|02|12|1913|12|15}} | death_place = New York City | resting_place = | occupation = | nationality = | citizenship = American | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | spouse = | partner = | children = | relatives = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | years_active = | module = | website = | portaldisp = }} Muriel Rukeyser (December 15, 1913 – February 12, 1980) was an American poet and political activist, best known for her poems about equality, feminism, social justice, and Judaism. Kenneth Rexroth said that she was the greatest poet of her "exact generation." One of her most powerful pieces was a group of poems titled The Book of the Dead (1938), documenting the details of the Hawk's Nest incident, an industrial disaster in which hundreds of miners died of silicosis. Her poem "To be a Jew in the Twentieth Century" (1944), on the theme of Judaism as a gift, was adopted by the American Reform and Reconstructionist movements for their prayer books, something Rukeyser said "astonished" her, as she had remained distant from Judaism throughout her early life.[1] Early lifeMuriel Rukeyser was born on December 15, 1913 to Lawrence and Myra Lyons Rukeyser.[2] She attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston School, a private school in The Bronx, then Vassar College in Poughkeepsie. From 1930 to 32, she attended Columbia University. Her literary career began in 1935 when her book of poetry Theory of Flight, based on flying lessons she took, was chosen by the American poet Stephen Vincent Benét for publication in the Yale Younger Poets Series. Activism and writing{{quote|Rukeyser was one of the great integrators, seeing the fragmentary world of modernity not as irretrievably broken, but in need of societal and emotional repair.|Adrienne Rich[3]}}Rukeyser was active in progressive politics throughout her life. At age 21, she covered the Scottsboro case in Alabama, then worked for the International Labor Defense, which handled the defendants' appeals. She wrote for the Daily Worker and a variety of publications, including Decision and Life & Letters Today, for which she covered the People's Olympiad (Olimpiada Popular, Barcelona), the Catalan government's alternative to the Nazis' 1936 Berlin Olympics. While she was in Spain, the Spanish Civil War broke out, the basis of her book Mediterranean. Most famously, she traveled to Gauley Bridge, West Virginia, to investigate the recurring silicosis among miners there, which resulted in her poem sequence The Book of the Dead. During and after World War II, she gave a number of striking public lectures, published in her The Life of Poetry (excerpts here). For much of her life, she taught university classes and led workshops, but she never became a career academic. In 1996, Paris Press reissued The Life of Poetry, which was published in 1949 but had fallen out of print. In a publisher's note, Jan Freeman called it a book that "ranks among the most essential works of twentieth century literature." In it Rukeyser makes the case that poetry is essential to democracy, essential to human life and understanding. In the 1960s and 1970s, when Rukeyser presided over PEN's American center, her feminism and opposition to the Vietnam War drew a new generation to her poetry. The title poem of her last book, The Gates, is based on her unsuccessful attempt to visit Korean poet Kim Chi-Ha on death row in South Korea. In 1968, she signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.[4] In addition to her poetry, she wrote a fictionalized memoir, The Orgy, plays and screenplays, and translated work by Octavio Paz and Gunnar Ekelöf. She also wrote biographies of Josiah Willard Gibbs, Wendell Willkie, and Thomas Hariot. Andrea Dworkin worked as her secretary in the early 1970s. Also in the 1970s she served on the Advisory Board of the Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective, a New York City based theatre group that wrote and produced plays on feminist issues. Rukeyser died in New York on February 12, 1980, from a stroke, with diabetes as a contributing factor. She was 66. In other mediaIn the television show Supernatural, Metatron the angel quotes an excerpt of Rukeyser's poem "Speed of Darkness": "The Universe is made of stories, not of atoms." Jeanette Winterson's novel Gut Symmetries (1997) quotes Rukeyser's poem "King's Mountain". Rukeyser's translation of a poem by Octavio Paz was adapted by Eric Whitacre for his choral composition "Water Night." John Adams set one of her texts in his opera Doctor Atomic, and Libby Larsen set the poem "Looking at Each Other" in her choral work Love Songs. Writer Marian Evans and composer Chris White are collaborating on a play about Rukeyser, Throat of These Hours, titled after a line in Rukeyser's Speed of Darkness.[5] The Journal of Narrative Theory dedicated a special issue to Rukeyser in Fall 2013.[6] Rukeyser's 5-poem sequence "Kathe Kollwitz" (The Speed of Darkness, 1968, Random House) ( http://murielrukeyser.emuenglish.org/writing/kathe-kollwitz/ ) was set by Tom Myron in his composition "Kathe Kollwitz for Soprano and String Quartet," "written in response to a commission from violist Julia Adams for a work celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Portland String Quartet in 1998." (http://www.dramonline.org/albums/darkness-light-vol-3/notes) Rukeyser's poem "Gunday's Child" was set to music by the experimental rock band Sleepytime Gorilla Museum. Awards
Works
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=On "To Be a Jew in the Twentieth Century"|url=http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/rukeyser/tobeajew.htm|work=Modern American Poetry|publisher=University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|accessdate=April 6, 2012}} 2. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/american-writers-a-collection-of-literary-biographies/oclc/1041142&referer=brief_results|title=American writers: a collection of literary biographies|last=Unger|first=Leonard|last2=Litz|first2=A. Walton|last3=Weigel|first3=Molly|last4=Bechler|first4=Lea|last5=Parini|first5=Jay|date=1974-01-01|publisher=Scribner|isbn=0684197855|location=New York|language=English}} 3. ^'A Human Eye,' by Adrienne Rich by Michael Roth, San Francisco Chronicle, April 24, 2009 4. ^"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968 New York Post 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://workingwithmuriel.wordpress.com/about/ |title=Throat of These Hours |accessdate=16 January 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://murielrukeyser.emuenglish.org/welcome/jnt-journal-of-narrative-theory-43-3-contents/ |title=Muriel Rukeyser: A Living Archive |date=4 December 2013 |publisher=Eastern Michigan University |accessdate=16 January 2014 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 7. ^1 2 3 4 "Muriel Rukeyser", Jewish Women's Encyclopedia (last visited April 29, 2013). 8. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/887938693|title=Savage coast|last=Rukeyser|first=Muriel|last2=Kennedy-Epstein|first2=Rowena|date=2014-01-01|isbn=9781558618206|language=English}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/muriel-rukeyser|title=Muriel Rukeyser|date=2017-03-07|website=Poetry Foundation|language=en-us|access-date=2017-03-08}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49698865|title=Houdini: a musical|last=Spangler|first=David|last2=Rukeyser|first2=Muriel|date=2002-01-01|publisher=Paris Press|isbn=1930464045|location=Ashfield, Mass.|language=English}} 11. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1692636|title=Come back, Paul|last=Rukeyser|first=Muriel|date=1955-01-01|publisher=Harper|location=New York|language=English}} 12. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301368|title=I go out|last=Rukeyser|first=Muriel|last2=Kessler|first2=Leonard P|date=1961-01-01|publisher=Harper|location=New York|language=English}} 13. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/305369|title=Bubbles|last=Rukeyser|first=Muriel|date=1967-01-01|publisher=Harcourt, Brace & World|location=New York|language=English}} 14. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/113139|title=Mazes|last=Rukeyser|first=Muriel|last2=Charles|first2=Milton|date=1970-01-01|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=067165151X|location=New York|language=English}} Further reading
External links{{wikiquote}}
23 : 1913 births|1980 deaths|American feminists|American tax resisters|American women poets|Bisexual women|Bisexual writers|Columbia University alumni|Ethical Culture Fieldston School alumni|Guggenheim Fellows|Jewish American writers|Jewish American poets|Jewish feminists|Jewish women writers|LGBT Jews|LGBT poets|LGBT writers from the United States|Sarah Lawrence College faculty|Vassar College alumni|Yale Younger Poets winners|20th-century American poets|20th-century American women writers|LGBT people from New York (state) |
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