| 词条 | University Endowment Lands |
| 释义 |
|official_name = University Endowment Lands |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Unincorporated area |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |city_logo = |citylogo_size = |image_map = GVRD UEL.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of University Endowment Lands within the Greater Vancouver Regional District in British Columbia, Canada |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = Canada |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = British Columbia |subdivision_type2 = Regional District |subdivision_name2 = Greater Vancouver |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title =MP |leader_name =Joyce Murray |leader_title1 = MLA |leader_name1 =David Eby |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = (town) |established_title3 = |established_date3 = (city) | unit_pref = Metric | area_rural_footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_total_ha = 1200 | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = |population_as_of = 2015 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = Estimate |population_blank1 = 4000[5] |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |population_blank2_title = |population_blank2 = |population_density_blank2_km2 = |population_density_blank2_sq_mi = |timezone = PST |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = -7 |latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW= |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 80 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = Postal code span |postal_code =V6S, V6T |area_code =604, 778 |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = University Endowment Lands |footnotes = }} The University Endowment Lands (UEL) is an unincorporated area that lies to the west of the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent to the University of British Columbia and the lands associated with that campus. Pacific Spirit Regional Park lies within the UEL. The UEL is part of Metro Vancouver. Mail sent to the UEL is addressed to "Vancouver" rather than the UEL. The UEL is administered directly by the province and landowners pay their property taxes directly to the provincial government. In a 1995 referendum, UEL residents voted against establishing a municipal governing body.[7] GeographyThe University Endowment Lands are located immediately west of the City of Vancouver. Statistics Canada reports a total land area of {{convert|14.13|km2}}. About half of the UEL is made up of Pacific Spirit Regional Park, a mostly forested land that was originally set aside for development which never materialized. Located on Point Grey, the UEL also boasts tall cliffs near the water, with steep drops of approximately {{convert|70|m}} down to the beaches below. Because of its isolated location and the nature of the steep cliffs next to the beaches, Greater Vancouver's only nude beaches are located in the University Endowment Lands, the best known being Wreck Beach, located near the western tip of the peninsula. ClimateBecause the UEL is close to seaside cliffs and the Strait of Georgia, above-average winds are common. Most of the winds come from the Strait itself, Howe Sound and English Bay. Snowfalls are also more common than many parts of the City of Vancouver because of the area's higher altitude and the lack of an urban heat island due to less terrestrial development. The UEL has higher humidity compared to other parts of Greater Vancouver because it is surrounded on three sides by water. Fog is common in the winter months, especially in areas near Pacific Spirit Park and the water. {{Weather box|location = UBC, Vancouver |metric first = 1 |single line = 1 |Jan record high C = 16.4 |Feb record high C = 17.9 |Mar record high C = 19.5 |Apr record high C = 25.0 |May record high C = 31.0 |Jun record high C = 30.0 |Jul record high C = 31.1 |Aug record high C = 32.8 |Sep record high C = 30.0 |Oct record high C = 25.0 |Nov record high C = 17.5 |Dec record high C = 14.6 |year record high C = 32.8 |Jan high C = 6.0 |Feb high C = 7.6 |Mar high C = 9.5 |Apr high C = 12.3 |May high C = 15.7 |Jun high C = 18.0 |Jul high C = 20.4 |Aug high C = 20.5 |Sep high C = 17.9 |Oct high C = 13.1 |Nov high C = 8.5 |Dec high C = 6.1 |year high C = 13.0 |Jan mean C = 3.6 |Feb mean C = 4.9 |Mar mean C = 6.6 |Apr mean C = 9.1 |May mean C = 12.3 |Jun mean C = 14.7 |Jul mean C = 16.9 |Aug mean C = 17.1 |Sep mean C = 14.5 |Oct mean C = 10.3 |Nov mean C = 6.1 |Dec mean C = 3.8 |year mean C = 10.0 |Jan low C = 1.2 |Feb low C = 2.3 |Mar low C = 3.6 |Apr low C = 5.7 |May low C = 8.8 |Jun low C = 11.4 |Jul low C = 13.2 |Aug low C = 13.5 |Sep low C = 11.1 |Oct low C = 7.5 |Nov low C = 3.7 |Dec low C = 1.5 |year low C = 7.0 |Jan record low C = −13.9 |Feb record low C = −12.5 |Mar record low C = −10.6 |Apr record low C = −0.6 |May record low C = 1.7 |Jun record low C = 2.6 |Jul record low C = 7.3 |Aug record low C = 6.1 |Sep record low C = 0.6 |Oct record low C = −4.1 |Nov record low C = −12.5 |Dec record low C = −18.3 |year record low C = −18.3 |Jan precipitation mm = 162.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 137.5 |Mar precipitation mm = 121.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 89.6 |May precipitation mm = 68.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 55.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 39.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 48.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 58.6 |Oct precipitation mm = 113.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 198.9 |Dec precipitation mm = 183.5 |year precipitation mm = 1277.4 |source 1 = Environment Canada[8] |date=August 2010 }} HistoryThe territory was originally held by the Musqueam Indian Band which still lays claim to the area. The creation of the University Endowment Lands was first proposed after the passing of the University Endowment Act of 1907, in which the British Columbia provincial government agreed to set aside two million acres (8,000 km2) of British Columbia Crown land to be sold or leased to fund the creation of a university. This land was to be in the Cariboo region of the province's Interior, and consisted of mostly agricultural land. This idea was changed in 1911 when the provincial government passed the University Site Act, which set aside {{convert|175|acre}} in Point Grey for the university. This is where the UEL is located today. By 1920, it was realized that the Cariboo land did not have a high enough market value to generate the income needed for the university, so that idea was abandoned. This led to the British Columbia University Loan Act, which allowed the Lieutenant-Governor to sell 3,000 acres (12 km2) of Crown land on Point Grey for residential development. The money from the auction was put in the University Endowment Account for the university.[9] However, a lot of the development that was planned was halted due to economic hardships stemming from the Great Depression. The university could not afford to prepare the land for development or to clear the forest land for development. In the 1930s, the university returned control of the land to the government. By the mid-1950s, over half of the undeveloped land in the UEL remained undeveloped due to the Depression and war shortages in the 1940s. There have been many attempts to develop this land, which was then opposed by environmentally aware residents in the area. In 1988, the creation of Pacific Spirit Park was announced by the provincial Premier Bill Vander Zalm. The park currently makes up of over half of the UEL, acting as a greenbelt between the developed areas and the City of Vancouver. Development, in large part, is very limited; for any proposed developments in the UEL by the Greater Vancouver Regional District or the University of British Columbia, the following groups must be consulted beforehand: university students, university staff, university faculty, environmental groups, businesses, residents and the general public.[10] DemographicsThe University Endowment Lands' residential population is small and the non-university population includes mostly high-income professionals as the land there is very expensive. The other residents are mostly students living in the university's residences. The 2001 census reported an official permanent population of 7,816.[11] The daytime university population is around 40,000 and includes undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty and staff. As with most universities, diverse cultural and ethnic groups make up the daytime university population, making the UEL very multicultural. Government and politicsAn unincorporated entity, the UEL has no mayor or municipal government. Rather, it is mostly governed by the University of British Columbia, the Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD) and the Province of British Columbia, and they control three entities: the University of British Columbia, University Hill and Pacific Spirit Regional Park. It is part of Electoral Area A of the GVRD. Residential and commercial taxes are paid directly to the provincial government. UEL residents are eligible to vote only for school board trustees in City of Vancouver municipal elections. For provincial elections, the UEL falls under the Vancouver-Point Grey electoral riding. The current Member of the Legislative Assembly is David Eby. For federal elections, the UEL is in the Vancouver Quadra electoral riding. The seat is held by Joyce Murray. NeighbourhoodsThe UEL is made up of four neighbourhood areas:[5]
Chancellor Boulevard, Acadia Road, University Boulevard and Wesbrook Mall.
TransportationPacific Spirit Regional Park, at the eastern end of the Endowment Lands, creates a physical buffer between the University and the adjacent Vancouver neighbourhoods of West Point Grey and Dunbar. Because of this, there are only five roads leading from Vancouver into the UEL: North West Marine Drive, 4th Avenue/Chancellor Boulevard, 10th Avenue/University Boulevard, 16th Avenue, and South West Marine Drive. However, the large number of students and staff commuting to UBC on a daily basis means that the area is easily accessible by public transit. UBC Exchange is the western terminus of many TransLink bus routes, and the bus system is heavily used due to a discount bus pass system called U-Pass. The following routes service the UEL and UBC:
An additional B-Line bus rapid transit route, the 91, has been proposed from UBC to Joyce Station, replacing the current 43 UBC/Joyce Station. The Vancouver-UBC Area Transit Plan indicates that service would start in late 2009, to coincide with the opening of the Canada Line. There have also been several proposals for creating a rapid transit link to the university. The most likely candidate for such a service would involve extending the Millennium Line SkyTrain to Arbutus Street in Vancouver, with a B-Line route continuing on to UBC. {{See also|List of bus routes in Metro Vancouver}}EconomyThe UEL is largely a residential neighbourhood, and most economic activity is centred at the University of British Columbia and the area around University Village and University Marketplace. UBC's stores are located mostly in the Student Union Building ("the SUB"). The Village and Marketplace, located next to each other near the intersection of University Boulevard and Allison Road, are located off-campus and home to a food court, several restaurants, some shops, some medical clinics and some services. The eastern end of the UEL is home to the University Golf Course, which is one of the original developments in the non-campus portions of the UEL. Wreck Beach is also a popular area for locals and tourists alike due to its reputation as one of the largest clothing optional beaches in North America. A thriving market in food, drink, clothing, personal services and various recreational substances has prospered on the beach for decades. Commercial centresUniversity VillageThe University Village is the first commercial structure built on the UEL. Its main level mostly includes a convenience store, a McDonald's restaurant, a photocopying store and a florist. The second level is home to a Japanese restaurant, a salon, a pizza parlour and a discount textbook store (which is in direct competition with UBC Bookstore, located on campus). The basement level is entirely dedicated to a multicultural-themed food court, including Chinese, Japanese, Indian, Middle Eastern, etc. University MarketplaceThe University Marketplace[12] is a mixed commercial-residential structure completed around the late 1990s to the early 2000s. The main floor is home to Rogers Wireless, Staples Business Depot, Starbucks, several restaurants, some cafes and others. The second floor of the Marketplace contains mostly offices and medical clinics. Some professors from UBC (especially those in the medical field) have offices located there, likely due to the proximity of the science buildings and UBC Hospital. The upper floors of the Marketplace contain mostly residential apartment housing. EducationThe UEL is adjacent to the University of British Columbia (hence the name "University Endowment Lands"), the Vancouver School of Theology and Regent College. In addition, the UEL is served by the Vancouver School Board and is zoned to University Hill Secondary School and University Hill Elementary School. Emergency services and public safety
Surrounding municipalities{{Canadian City Geographic Location (8-way)| Northwest = Bowen Island | | North = Burrard Inlet and West Vancouver | | Northeast = District and City of North Vancouver | | West = | | Centre = University Endowment Lands | | East = Vancouver | | Southwest = Strait of Georgia | | South = | | Southeast = Richmond | }} See also
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