| 词条 | Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge |
| 释义 |
| name = Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge | iucn_category = IV | photo = | photo_caption = | map = USA | relief = 1 | map_caption = Map of the United States | map_width = | location = Union and Morehouse Parishes | nearest_city = West Monroe, Louisiana | coordinates = {{coords|32|52|00|N|92|05|00|W|region:US|display=inline, title}} | area = {{convert|41430|acre|km2}} | established = 1978 | visitation_num = 23,000 | visitation_year = 2005 | governing_body = U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | website = Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge }}Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge was established in 1978 and is located Union and Morehouse Parishes in northern Louisiana.[1][2] Wildlife and habitatEighteen miles long and up to {{convert|10|mi|km|spell=in}} wide, the refuge consists of over {{convert|14500|acre|km2}} of bottomland hardwood forest, {{convert|5000|acre|km2}} of upland forest, {{convert|3000|acre|km2}} of shrub/wooded swamp, {{convert|16000|acre|km2}} of reforested farmland, and {{convert|2000|acre|km2}} of open water. About 80% of the refuge is subject to annual flooding from December through May. The central physical feature is the Ouachita River, which bisects the refuge. The river's wide floodplain is characterized by alluvial soils. Refuge supports concentrations of ducks, geese, wading birds, raptors and a small wintering population of bald eagles. The refuge provides excellent wintering habitat for tens of thousands of ducks and geese. The endangered red-cockaded woodpecker and the threatened Louisiana black bear are found on Upper Ouachita NWR. Other wildlife species that call the refuge home include alligators, deer, turkey, squirrels, bald eagles and beaver. Upper Ouachita NWR is one of the four refuges managed in the North Louisiana Refuge Complex. ManagementSelective thinning and water level manipulation is conducted within the bottomland hardwoods for the benefit of migratory birds, resident wildlife and the overall health of the forest. Reforestation of bottomland hardwoods has taken place on the east side of the refuge. Emphasis was placed on planting the tree species that grew there historically. Approximately {{convert|983|acre|km2}} of the refuge are managed as moist soil units. These wetland units are managed for the benefit of waterfowl, shorebirds and other wildlife. Water levels are manipulated to produce high quality natural foods such as wild millets, grasses and sedges. Cooperative farming occurs on a rotational basis in portions of the refuge to provide food for wintering waterfowl. The upland mixed pine hardwood forest on the western portion of the refuge is managed for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker through thinning and prescribed fire. Installing artificial cavity inserts and woodpecker banding and occasional transplanting are also important management tools. Other management practices include wood duck nest box project, fish stocking, and removal of exotic, invasive plants and animals. See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fws.gov/upperouachita/ |title=Upper Ouachita National Wildlife Refuge |publisher=Southeast Region Fish & Wildlife Service |date=August 14, 2014 |accessdate=2015-04-09 }} {{USGovernment|sourceURL= U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [3][4]}}2. ^{{cite book|title=OUACHITA AND BLACK RIVERS NAVIGATION CHARTS 2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BOpsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT56|publisher=USACE, Vicksburg District|pages=56–|id=GGKEY:6GCU31AG393}} 3. ^http://www.fws.gov/upperouachita/ 4. ^http://www.fws.gov/refuges/profiles/index.cfm?id=43546 External links
8 : Protected areas of Morehouse Parish, Louisiana|National Wildlife Refuges in Louisiana|Protected areas of Union Parish, Louisiana|Protected areas established in 1978|1978 establishments in Louisiana|Wetlands and bayous of Louisiana|Landforms of Morehouse Parish, Louisiana|Landforms of Union Parish, Louisiana |
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