“Muswell Hill”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Muswell Hill is a suburban district of north London. It is mainly in the London Borough of Haringey with a small part in the London Borough of Barnet. It is between Highgate, Hampstead Garden Village, East Finchley and Crouch End. It has many streets with Edwardian architecture.

Muswell Hill is in the N10 postcode district and mostly in the Hornsey and Wood Green constituency. Muswell Hill, as defined by its postcode district, had a population of 27,992 in 2011.^[1]

History

The earliest records of Muswell Hill date from the 12th century. The Bishop of London, who was the Lord of the Manor of Haringey,^[2] owned the area and granted 65 acres (263,000 m²), located to the east of Colney Hatch Lane, to a newly formed order of nuns. The nuns built a chapel on the site and called it Our Lady of Muswell.

The name Muswell is believed to come from a natural spring or well (the "Mossy Well"), said to have miraculous properties. A traditional story tells that Scottish king Malcolm IV was cured of disease after drinking the water. The area became a place of pilgrimage for healing during medieval times.^[3] The River Moselle, which has its source in Muswell Hill and Highgate, derives its name from this district; it was originally known as the Mosa or Mosella.^[4]^[5]

In the 18th century Muswell Hill was a scattered village consisting mainly of detached villas with large gardens.^[6] In 1787 one commentator wrote that nowhere within {{convert|100|mi|km}} of London was there a village so pleasant or with such varied views.^[7] Little had changed by the middle of the 19th century. One of the houses of the time was The Limes. This house occupied the angle of Muswell Hill Road with Colney Hatch Lane and was a three-storeyed house with portico and two-storeyed wing approached by a double carriage drive through impressive gateways. The large grounds of the house extended to Tetherdown and included a lake.^[8] Opposite The Limes was Muswell Hill pond and beyond that the Green Man inn, built of stone.^[9]

Further down the hill past the Green Man was The Elms, a squat three-storeyed house later improved by Thomas Cubitt standing in {{convert|11|acre|m2}}, part of the grounds of which were laid out by Joseph Paxton.^[10] A short distance down the north side of Muswell Hill was The Grove, which was three storeys high and had nine bays with pedimented projections at each end.^[11] It stood in {{convert|8|acre|m2}} of grounds which contained a 200-yard avenue of oaks. In 1774 the house was occupied by Topham Beauclerk.^[12]

A little farther down the hill stood Grove Lodge, also in wooded grounds.^[13] Altogether there were eight properties in Muswell Hill worthy of note in 1817.^[14]

Parallel with Muswell Hill was a track known as St James's Lane which ran across a triangle of wasteland. By the middle of the 19th century houses were already dispersed along the lane at the foot of which was Lalla Rookh, a two-storeyed villa with a wide verandah.^[15] Other buildings there were apparently cottages or huts, both single and in terraces.^[16]

It was not until the end of the 19th century that Muswell Hill began to be developed more densely from a collection of country houses to the London village that it is today. The development was spurred by the opening in 1873 of Alexandra Palace, a massive pleasure pavilion built on the most easterly of north London's gravel hills and intended as the counterpart to the Crystal Palace on Sydenham Hill in south London. Alexandra Palace was served by a branchline railway from Highgate, with an intermediary station at Muswell Hill (see below). The foot of Alexandra Palace was served by another rail network with connecting services to Finsbury Park and Kings Cross stations.

Most development was initiated in the early 20th century when the current street pattern was set out and elegant Edwardian retail parades were constructed. The shopping centre is based on roads that form three sides of a square: Fortis Green Road, Muswell Hill Broadway and the extension of the Broadway into Colney Hatch Lane. At each node point is a church: United Reformed, Church of England, Methodist, and Roman Catholic. One of the nodes, opposite St James's CoE, was also the site of the Athenaeum music hall (later demolished with the site redeveloped as a supermarket), opposite which a surviving art deco Odeon cinema was built in the 1930s. The site of the Ritz, a cinema formerly at the top of Muswell Hill on the next node to the east, has been redeveloped as offices.

Until the mid-20th century there was a rail branch line, the Muswell Hill Railway, from Highgate which passed through Muswell Hill, terminating at a station at Alexandra Palace. It was intended under the Northern Heights plan to integrate this into the London Underground Northern line; some contemporary tube maps (e.g. the 1948 map) showed the line as being under construction. However, this plan was cancelled after the Second World War, and the railway line was abandoned in 1954. The line was later converted to become the Parkland Walk.

Until the reorganisation of London's local government in 1965, Muswell Hill formed part of the Borough of Hornsey within the administrative county of Middlesex. The area subsequently became part of the London Borough of Haringey. The northern portion of Muswell Hill was part of the Friern Barnet Urban District, also in Middlesex, which subsequently became part of the London Borough of Barnet.^[17]

In 1964, three young Muswell Hill residents, the brothers Ray and Dave Davies and Pete Quaiffe, formed The Kinks. Categorised in the United States as a British Invasion band, the Kinks are recognised as one of the most important and influential rock groups of the era. The Davies' parents' home at 6 Denmark Terrace, Fortis Green, remains a magnet for rock music tourists.

In March 2013 Muswell Hill was named one of the five most desirable places to live in London in the Sunday Times "Best Places To Live" guide.

Geography

Close to Alexandra Park and Highgate Woods, Muswell Hill is a mainly Edwardian north London suburb. Muswell Hill Broadway and Fortis Green Road, the main shopping streets, still maintain their historic character with most of the original facades preserved above street level. The area has a synagogue and six churches, one of which has been converted into a steak house.

Education

Primary schools

Secondary schools

Special schools

Transport

Muswell Hill is not directly served by a tube station but several bus routes connect to the West End and the City. They also serve nearby underground stations at Highgate, Bounds Green, East Finchley, Finsbury Park and Turnpike Lane and to train services at Alexandra Palace and Hornsey.

Demography

The 2011 census showed that 84% of the population was white (65% British, 16% Other, 3% Irish). 40% were irreligious and Christian each.^[19]

Places of interest

References in popular culture

People from Muswell Hill

Musicians Ray and Dave Davies, founding members of The Kinks, grew up in Muswell Hill, the album title ‘‘Muswell Hillbillies’’ being an obvious reference to their youth. They allegedly played their first ever gig in the Clissold Arms in Fortis Green,

Scottish serial killer and necrophile Dennis Nilsen committed his later murders in his Cranley Gardens flat in Muswell Hill and became known as the "Muswell Hill Murderer".

John Logie Baird was the first person to transmit moving pictures, now called television. The first public broadcasts were from nearby Alexandra Palace before WW2. His scanning, rotating disc system was later replaced by a more modern electronic system. The John Baird pub in Fortis Green Road is named after him.

The group Fairport Convention started in the Muswell Hill family home of Simon Nicol. The house, Fairport, is on the south side of Fortis Green near the junction with Tetherdown and Fortis Green Road.

Musician, author, poet, wit and great English eccentric Vivian Stanshall lived his final years in Muswell Hill, dying in a fire in his Hillfield Park flat in 1995.

Former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko lived in Muswell Hill from his exile in 2000 until his death in 2006.

A resident for a short time in Muswell Hill was the Russian-born England Rugby union star Prince Alexander Obolensky, who died in Suffolk in an aircraft accident in 1940 while training as an RAF Pilot Officer.

Nearest places

Nearest stations

See also

References and notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/about-ons/business-transparency/freedom-of-information/previous-foi-requests/people--population-and-community/population-for-every-postcode-district-in-england-and-wales/index.html |title=[ARCHIVED CONTENT] UK Government Web Archive – The National Archives |publisher=Ons.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}}
2. ^Harringay, Haringey and Hornsey were used interchangeably in this period. For further information see History of Harringay
3. ^Muswell Hill Manor in Oxfordshire was said to be owned by the King of Scotland in the 12th century.
4. ^Albert Pinching & David Bell, [https://hornseyhistorical.org.uk/haringeys-hidden-streams-revealed/ Haringey's Hidden Streams Revealed], 2005
5. ^The earliest known description of the river is given by the Tottenham Historian Rev William Bedwell (1561 - 1632) who used these two variants in 1631 in Willhelm Bedwell, A Briefe Description of the Town of Tottenham Highcrosse in Middlesex, 1631.
6. ^Brewer, Beauties of Eng. & Wales, x (5), 213; Ambulator (1820)
7. ^Ambulator (1787)
8. ^J. Keane, Beauties of Mdx. (1850), 148-9; Hornsey libr., N. Mdx. Photo. Soc. no. 632.
9. ^Postcard in Hornsey libr.
10. ^B.L. Maps Dept., sales parts. (1880).
11. ^A History of the County of Middlesexby T F T Baker, C R Elrington (Editors), A P Baggs, Diane K Bolton, M A Hicks, R B Pugh. Page 33
12. ^Keane, Beauties of Mdx. 239-41; Hornsey Hist. Soc. Bull. Sept. 1975; M.L.R. 1779/5/494; M.R.O., MR/DE Hornsey; Ambulator (1787 and later edns.)
13. ^C. Nicholson, Scraps of Hist. of a Nethern. Suburb of Lond. (1879), 16; sales parts. (1939) in Hornsey libr.
14. ^Hassell, Rides and Walks, i. 194.
15. ^Thorne, Environs, 443-4.
16. ^Photos. (1935) in Hornsey libr.; Hornsey Boro. Ann. Rep. of M.O.H. (1930); see also Sherington, Story of Hornsey, 42
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.barnet.gov.uk/citizen-home/libraries/local-studies-and-archives/pocket-histories/finchley-friern-barnet-and-totteridge/south-friern-finchley-n10.html |title=South Friern (Finchley N10) |publisher=barnet.gov.uk |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morningadvertiser.co.uk/news_detail.aspx?articleid=2891 |title=Refurb for Tim Martin's first outlet | work = Property News |publisher=Morning Advertiser |date= |accessdate=2010-02-26}}
19. ^{{cite web|author=Good Stuff IT Services |url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/muswell-hill-e05000274 |title=Muswell Hill - UK Census Data 2011 |publisher=Ukcensusdata.com |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Sean's Show|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/seans-show/4od|publisher=Channel 4|accessdate=9 August 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=Driving In My Car|url=http://www.lyricsty.com/madness-driving-in-my-car-lyrics.html|accessdate=19 March 2018}}