“USS Huron (ID-1408)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

USS Huron (ID-1408) was a United States Navy transport ship during World War I. She was formerly the Norddeutscher Lloyd liner SS Friedrich der Grosse (or Friedrich der Große) built in 1896, which sailed Atlantic routes from Germany and sometimes Italy to the United States and on the post run to Australia. At the outset of World War I the ship was interned by the U.S. and, when that country entered the conflict in 1917, was seized and converted to a troop transport.

Originally commissioned as USS Fredrick Der Grosse, the ship was renamed Huron — after Lake Huron, the center lake of the Great Lakes — while undergoing repairs and conversion at a U.S. Navy yard. The ship carried almost 21,000 men to France during the hostilities, and returned over 22,000 healthy and wounded men after the Armistice.^[3]^[4]

After decommissioning by the U.S. Navy, the ship was turned over to the United States Shipping Board and was later transferred to the United States Mail Steamship Company, for whom she sailed in the Atlantic as SS Huron. In May 1922 the ship was allocated to the Los Angeles Steamship Co. and renamed SS City of Honolulu. The ship caught fire on 12 October 1922 during her maiden voyage, and sank with no loss of life.

History

SS Friedrich der Grosse

SS Friedrich der Grosse (or Friedrich der Große) was built in 1896 by Vulcan Shipbuilding Corp. of Stettin, Germany, and sailed the Atlantic for North German Lloyd until being interned in New York Harbor in 1914.

On 27 July 1900, the deck of Friedrich der Grosse was the site of Kaiser Wilhelm II’s famous "Schrecklichkeit" speech in which he compared the military of the German Empire to the Huns.^[5]

U.S. Navy transport

The United States Government interned German and Austro-Hungarian ships wherever they had put into port, and seized Friedrich der Grosse, leaving it anchored in New York harbour, but still under German ownership.

During this time, in 1915, German spy Franz von Rintelen used the interned ship as an offshore bomb-making laboratory for manufacturing the newly invented pencil bomb devices that were used to destroy cargoes on 36 ships.

Later, upon the entrance of the United States into the hostilities on the side of the Allied and Associated Powers — on 6 April 1917 — the ship was permanently seized and assigned to the United States Shipping Board (USSB). U.S. Customs agents boarded Friedrich der Grosse in the port of New York, along with 30 other German and Austro-Hungarian vessels, and sent their crews to an internment camp on Ellis Island. However, before these sailors left their ships, they carried out a program of systematic destruction calculated to take the longest possible time to repair.^[6]

Friederich der Grosse was taken to Robbins Drydock Co. in Brooklyn for repairs. The USSB then turned the ship over to the U.S. Navy, and she was commissioned at New York Navy Yard on 25 July 1917 as Fredrick Der Grosse. The ship, Commander S. H. R. Doyle in command, was renamed Huron on 1 September 1917 after the center lake of the Great Lakes.

While the signing of the armistice of 11 November 1918 signalled the end of hostilities, it only meant the beginning of the task of returning American troops from "over there". During the war, Huron had transported 20,871 men to the European battlefront in her eight voyages.^[3] In the postwar months, Huron conducted a further seven turn-around voyages, bringing back some 20,582 healthy veterans, and some 1,546 wounded and sick.^[4] Huron reached New York City on 23 August and was decommissioned on 2 September for return to the USSB.^[6]

Post-war service

After departing on her maiden voyage, the ship caught fire around 05:30 on 12 October 1922 at position {{coord|31|07|N|131|40|W|type:event|display=inline|name=USS Huron fire}}, some {{convert|670|mi|km|abbr=on}} from Los Angeles. The captain ordered everyone to the lifeboats after it became apparent that the fire could not be brought under control. None of the passengers or crew were killed or seriously injured during either the firefighting attempts or the orderly evacuation of the liner.^[8]^[9] The passengers were rescued by freighter West Faralon, the first ship on the scene, but transferred to United States Army transport ship Thomas for return to Los Angeles.^[10]

Notes

1. ^¹²{{cite news | title = Shipping and Los Angeles Harbor News | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 11 May 1922 | page = I7 }}
2. ^¹{{cite news | title = SINK HONOLULU WITH GUNFIRE | first = G. E. | last = Thompson | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 18 October 1922 | page = II1 }}
3. ^¹²Gleaves, p. 246.
4. ^¹Gleaves, p. 247
5. ^{{cite news | title = HISTORIC SHIPS TO PLY AGAIN | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 21 August 1922 | page = II8 }}
6. ^¹²{{cite DANFS | title = Aeolus | url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a3/aeolus-i.htm | short = on }}
7. ^[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015011441048;view=1up;seq=197 "The March of Radio: Saved By Radio"], Radio Broadcast, January 1923, page 185.
8. ^{{cite news | title = SEA FIRE REFUGEES ON WAY TO BAY CITY TODAY | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 13 October 1922 | page = I1 }}
9. ^{{cite news | title = Rescue in Midocean Averts Huge Sea Tragedy; No Lives Lost as Passengers Leave Ship | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 13 October 1922 | page = I7 }}
10. ^{{cite news | title = GREAT THRONG TO GREET HONOLULU'S PASSENGERS | work = Los Angeles Times | date = 16 October 1922 | page = I1 }}

References