| 词条 | Myoporum laetum |
| 释义 |
|image = Myoporum laetum.jpg |image_caption = Leaves and fruit |genus = Myoporum |species = laetum |authority = G. Forst.[1] |synonyms_ref = [2] |synonyms = *Myoporum pubescens G. Forst.
}} Myoporum laetum, commonly known as ngaio {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|.|oʊ}} or mousehole tree is a plant in the family Scrophulariaceae endemic to New Zealand, including the Chatham Islands. It is a fast growing shrub, readily distinguished from others in the genus by the transparent dots in the leaves which are visible when held to a light. DescriptionNgaio is a fast-growing evergreen shrub or small tree which sometimes grows to a height of {{convert|10|m|ft|sigfig=1}} with a trunk up to {{convert|0.3|m|ft|sigfig=1}} in diameter, or spreads to as much as {{convert|4|m|ft|sigfig=1}}. It often appears dome-shaped at first but as it gets older, distorts as branches break off. The bark on older specimens is thick, corky and furrowed. The leaves are lance-shaped, usually {{convert|52-125|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long, {{convert|15-30|mm|in|sigfig=1}} wide, have many translucent dots in the leaves and edges which have small serrations in approximately the outer half.[2][3][4] The flowers are white with purple spots and are borne in groups of 2 to 6 on stalks {{convert|7-15|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long. There are 5 egg-shaped, pointed sepals and 5 petals joined at their bases to form a bell-shaped tube {{convert|3.5-4.5|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long. The petal lobes are {{convert|4.5-5.5|mm|in|sigfig=2}} long making the flower diameter {{convert|15-20|mm|in|sigfig=1}}. There are four stamens which extend slightly beyond the petal tube and the ovary is superior with 2 locules. Flowering occurs from mid-spring to mid-summer and is followed by the fruit which is a bright red drupe {{convert|6-9|mm|in|sigfig=1}} long.[2][3][4] Taxonomy and namingMyoporum laetum was first formally described in 1786 by Georg Forster in Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus.[1][5] The specific epithet (laetum) is a Latin word meaning "happy".[6]Distribution and habitatNgaio grows very well in coastal areas of New Zealand including the Chatham Islands. It grows in lowland forest, sometimes in pure stands, others in association with other species such as nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida).[2] EcologyMyoporum laetum has been introduced to several other countries including Portugal, South Africa and Namibia.[2] It is considered an invasive exotic species by the California Exotic Pest Plant Council.[7]UsesIndigenous useThe Māori would rub the leaves over their skin to repel mosquitoes and sandflies.[8] HorticultureNgaio is a hardy plant that will grow in most soils but needs full sun. It can also tolerate exposure to salt spray.[9] It can be grown from seed or from semi-hard cuttings.[3] ToxicityThe leaves of this tree contain a liver toxin Ngaione[10] which can cause sickness and or death in stock such as horses, cattle, sheep and pigs. Māori legend{{see also|Man in the Moon}}According to Māori legend,[11] a Ngaio tree can be seen on the moon: {{Quote|The man in the moon becomes, in Māori legend, a woman, one Rona by name. This lady, it seems, once had occasion to go by night for water to a stream. In her hand she carried an empty calabash. Stumbling in the dark over stones and the roots of trees she hurt her shoeless feet and began to abuse the moon, then hidden behind clouds, hurling at it some such epithet as "You old tattooed face, there!" But the moon-goddess heard, and reaching down caught up the insulting Rona, calabash and all, into the sky. In vain the frightened woman clutched, as she rose, the tops of a ngaio-tree. The roots gave way, and Rona with her calabash and her tree are placed in the front of the moon for ever, an awful warning to all who are tempted to mock at divinities in their haste.[12]}}References{{Wikicommons|Category:Myoporum laetum|Myoporum laetum}}{{Wikispecies}}1. ^1 {{APNI | name =Myoporum laetum | id =166305 }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q153042}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Chinnock|first1=R.J. (Bob)|title=Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae|date=2007|publisher=Rosenberg|location=Dural, NSW|isbn=9781877058165|pages=115–117|edition=1st}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Myoporum laetum|url=http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=992|publisher=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Dawson|first1=John|last2=Lucas|first2=Rob|title=Nature guide to the New Zealand forest|date=2000|publisher=Godwit|location=Auckland, N.Z.|isbn=1869620550|page=116|edition=2007}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Forster|first1=Georg|title=Florulae Insularum Australium Prodromus|date=1786|location=Gottingen|page=44|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41812#page/52/mode/1up|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=laetus|url=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/laetus#Latin|publisher=Wiktionary|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Myoporum laetum|url=http://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/management/ipcw/pages/detailreport.cfm@usernumber=63&surveynumber=182.php|publisher=California Invasive Plant Council|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Story: Sandflies and mosquitoes|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/sandflies-and-mosquitoes/page-3|publisher=Teara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Myoporum laetum|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Myoporum+laetum|publisher=Plants for a Future|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 10. ^Encyclopaedia of Clinical Toxicology: A Comprehensive Guide and Reference, by Irving S. Rossoff 11. ^{{cite web|title=Stories Of Old - Rona and the Moon|url=http://www.maori.org.nz/korero/default.php?pid=sp67&parent=55|publisher=Maori.org}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=The Long White Cloud, by William Pember Reeves|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12411/12411-h/12411-h.htm|publisher=The Project Gutenberg eBook|accessdate=1 December 2015}} 5 : Myoporum|Trees of New Zealand|Plants described in 1786|Moon myths|Flora of New Zealand |
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