| 词条 | USS West Apaum (ID-3221) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
USS West Apaum (ID-3221) was a cargo ship in the United States Navy during World War I. She had been built as SS West Apaum for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) as part of the West boats, a series of steel-hulled cargo ships built on the West Coast of the United States. West Apaum sailed on three voyages for the US Navy, two after the Armistice, before she was decommissioned in July 1919. Though little is available regarding West Apaum{{'}}s civilian career, it is known that she was sailing on a New York – Rotterdam route in early 1927. By early 1929, West Apaum had been laid up by the USSB, which abandoned her in 1933. The cargo ship was scrapped in the second quarter of that same year. Design and constructionThe West ships were cargo ships of similar size and design built by several shipyards on the West Coast of the United States for the United States Shipping Board for emergency use during World War I. All were given names that began with the word West, like West Apaum,[6] one of some 24 West ships built by Skinner & Eddy of Seattle, Washington.[1][7] West Apaum (Skinner & Eddy No. 23, USSB No. 88)[1] was laid down on 19 March 1918, launched on 23 May, and delivered to the Navy upon completion on 19 June.[4][5] West Apaum was built in a total of 78 working days,[3] 92 calendar days,[8] and was tied with three other ships for tenth place on a list of the ten fastest constructed ocean-going vessels compiled in 1920.[8][9] Skinner & Eddy received a $25,000 bonus for completing the ship early.[10]The ship was {{GRT|5,537|disp=long}},[5] and was {{convert|409|ft|5|in|m}} long (between perpendiculars) and {{convert|54|ft|m|1}} abeam. West Apaum had a steel hull and a mean draft of {{convert|22|ft|2.25|in|m}}.[4] She displaced 12,226 t,[4] and had a deadweight tonnage of {{DWT|8,800}}.[2] The ship had a single triple-expansion steam engine powered by three coal-fired boilers that drove her single screw propeller, and moved the ship at a {{convert|10.5|knots|km/h|adj=on}} pace.[5] Military careerUSS West Apaum (ID-3221) was commissioned into the Naval Overseas Transportation Service (NOTS) on 20 June 1918 with Lieutenant Commander J. S. Gibson, USNRF, in command.[4] West Apaum departed Bremerton, Washington, on 27 June for Arica, Chile, to take on a cargo of nitrates for the United States. Sailing from there via the Panama Canal, West Apaum arrived at Savannah, Georgia, on 9 September. From there she sailed for Hampton Roads, Virginia, where she arrived on 10 October. Eight days later, loaded with rolling stock, steel rails, and other general cargo for the United States Army, the cargo ship sailed for France. Delayed at Halifax for repairs to her damaged propeller, West Apaum finally entered the harbor at La Pallice on 22 November, 11 days after the Armistice.[4]West Apaum unloaded her railroad goods, loaded {{convert|2214|LT|t}} of Army cargo, and headed for the United States on 13 December. She arrived at Hampton Roads on 3 January 1919. West Apaum made two more voyages to France under Navy control. On her final voyage, she carried airplane materials to France and returned {{convert|5000|LT|t}} of Army ordnance to New York on 11 July. On 25 July, West Apaum was decommissioned and returned to the USSB.[4]Civilian careerLittle is known about West Apaum{{'}}s subsequent civilian career. In the first quarter of 1927, it is known that West Apaum was sailing on a New York – Rotterdam route.[11][12] While in this service, The New York Times, in one of just a few mentions the ship received in contemporary news coverage, reported on the transfer of one of West Apaum{{'}}s crew members to the United States Lines ocean liner {{SS|Republic|1917|2}} at sea. The crewman had fallen into an open hatchway and had fractured his skull. The two ships, located some {{convert|200|nmi}} west of New York, came within {{convert|1/4|mi|km}} of each other and the injured man was loaded onto a boat from Republic in the heavy seas. The crewman, though successfully transferred to Republic, died several hours later.[13][14] By early 1929, West Apaum had been laid up, and was under consideration by the USSB for the installation of pulverized coal-fired boilers for testing purposes,[15] but lost out on the honor to {{SS|West Alsek||2}}.[16] No further information on West Apaum{{'}}s career is available, but it is known that she was abandoned by the USSB in 1933,[4] and scrapped in the second quarter of that year.[5] Notes1. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Colton |first=Tim |url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/4emergencylarge/wwone/skinnereddy.htm |title=Skinner & Eddy, Seattle WA |website=Shipbuilding History |publisher=The Colton Company |accessdate=2008-09-01}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |author=Skinner & Eddy |title=Consistent Building Record |url=https://archive.org/stream/pacificmarinerev1518paci#page/n889/mode/2up |type=display advertisement |journal=Pacific Marine Review |location=San Francisco |publisher=J. S. Hines |date=October 1918 |page=143 |oclc=2449383}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |title=West Apaum (American Freighter, 1918) |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-civil/civsh-w/w-apaum.htm |work=Online Library of Selected Images: Civilian Ships | publisher=Naval Historical Center, Navy Department |date=14 March 2004 |accessdate=2008-09-01}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 {{cite DANFS |title=West Apaum |url=http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w5/west_apaum.htm}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{csr |register=MSI |id=2216500 |shipname=West Apaum |accessdate=2008-09-01}} 6. ^Crowell and Wilson, pp. 358–59. 7. ^Skinner & Eddy was an emergency shipyard that only operated from 1916 until about 1920. 8. ^1 Hurley, pp. 92–93. 9. ^The other three ships tied for tenth-fastest were {{USS|West Alsek|ID-3119|2}} and {{USS|West Gotomska|ID-3322|2}}—both also constructed by Skinner & Eddy, and Lake Gardner. See: Hurley, p. 93. 10. ^United States House of Representatives, Select Committee on U. S. Shipping Board Operations, p. 624. 11. ^{{cite news |title=Movements of steamships |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=21 January 1927 |page=8}} 12. ^{{cite news |title=Movements of steamships |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=1 April 1927 |page=12}} 13. ^{{cite news |title=Sick man picked up at sea |newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 January 1927 |page=28}} 14. ^{{cite news |title=Tells Legion plans for Paris meeting |newspaper=The New York Times |date=8 January 1927 |page=8}} 15. ^{{cite news |title=Plan pulverized coal on more freighters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/13/archives/plan-pulverized-coal-on-more-freighters-ship-board-experts-are.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 March 1928 |page=59 |subscription=yes}} 16. ^{{cite news |title=West Alsek to get coal pulverizers |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/02/21/archives/west-alsek-to-get-coal-pulverizers-merchant-fleet-corporation-makes.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=21 February 1929 |page=55 |subscription=yes}} References{{reflist|2}}Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
5 : Design 1013 ships of the United States Navy|Ships built in Washington (state)|1918 ships|World War I cargo ships of the United States|World War I auxiliary ships of the United States |
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